Abstract: The study examined the effects of farm household health status on farm income, food insecurity and rural poverty in Oyo state, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was used in data collection. The household production function was proxied by a Farm Household Income function. The estimated Income function showed that all the measures of household health status had negative significant effects on household farm income. These results tend to confirm the adverse effects of illnesses and diseases on farm output, productivity and household welfare especially food insecurity and poverty. The Discriminant function identified 8 significant variables distinguishing food insecure households from food secure households. Seventy percent of the households were correctly classified by the function. The Discriminant function for the poor and non-poor households identified 12 discriminating variables for the groups. Some 7% of the households were correctly classified in the model. The food insecure households constituted 57% of the sample. Hence, 43% of them were found to be food secure. The poverty decomposition measures showed that 68% of the sampled households were poor. The implication of this finding is that 11% of the food secure households were classified as being poor. Hence, being food secure does not necessarily mean escape from poverty while food insecurity is a characteristic of rural poverty. Provision of health facilities, farm income improvement measures and farm productivity enhancing policy were therefore recommended.