Abstract: The general objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of tillage systems on the wheat yield and residue in the first crop wheat planting. Specifically, the objective was to determine the annual gross production of wheat yield and residue used as animal feed and alternative raw material in the industry in overall Turkey. Wheat samples from five different points of each plot were harvested by hand using a frame of 0.5x0.5 m in order to calculate the amounts of grain yields and crop residues. After harvesting, the wheat yield and the amounts of stubble, chaff and straw were measured. The ANOVA test results indicated that while, the differences in the stubble amount among the treatments (tillage applications) were statistically not significant, the differences in the other parameters among the treatments were statistically significant at p = 0.01 level. The highest wheat yield (4943 kg ha^-1), residue (2966 kg ha^-1) and chaff (2704 kg ha^-1) were obtained in the CP/CD treatment. When the estimated and measured values were statistically compared, the total residue had significant relationship at 0.05 level at only CP/CD treatment, but at 0.01 level at the all other treatments. The straw had significant relationship at 0.05 level at DP₂/DD treatment, but at 0.01 level at the all other treatments. Using the data of the State Statistics Institute (DIE) in 2007, 8 million tons chaff and 8 million tons straw were estimated out of approximately 18 million tons total residue in overall Turkey.