Abstract: Soil erosion is a major agricultural and environmental problem in the highlands of Southwest Uganda. Agroforestry technologies have been developed as one way of solving the problem. Understanding the factors that influence farmers’ adoption of agroforestry technologies is critical to the success of implementing land conservation efforts. However, information about the socio-economic factors that influence the adoption of these technologies is still scanty. A study was conducted in Muko and Bubare sub-county, Kabale district between November 2002 and July 2003, to investigate the socio-economic factors that influence the adoption of agroforestry technologies and land conservation strategies in the highlands of South Western Uganda. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 60 households selected using a systematic purposive sampling procedure. Based on the logistic regression analysis, the factors that influence the adoption of agroforestry technologies are: farmer’s age, education level, extension contact, size of family laborforce and gender of the household head. Sources of income, access to credit and membership to farmer organization had non-significant coefficients and therefore, did not explain adoption decisions. Furthermore, farmers have adopted different structural measures such as terraced farming, construction of waterways, check dams, retention walls and gull control. Similarly, they have adopted biological measures including alley cropping, bamboo plantation in gullies, mulching and use of organic and inorganic fertilizers to control land degradation.