Authors : M. Kamal NH., A. Zulkhairi, A.H. Hafizah, F. Fazali, A.K. Khairul Kamilah, M.A. Rasadah, M.S. Zamree and M.A.M. Shahidan
Abstract: Endothelial cell injury due to inflammation and oxidative stress are the hallmark of early pathologic events of atherosclerosis. Antioxidants derived from natural sources have been extensively used to prevent oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytoprotective effect of Anacardium occidentale Aqueous Extract (AOE) against H2O2-induced HUVEC injury and its anti-inflammatory potential induced by TNF-α in vitro. HUVEC was exposed with various concentrations of H2O2 (0-700 μM) and it was observed that 250 μM of H2O2 reduced cell viability by 50% (IC50) as denoted by MTT assay. Using the above concentration as the PC, the cells were pretreated with AOE at various concentration (50-700 μg mL-1) for 30 min followed by 24 h incubation with H2O2 (250 μM) or TNF-α (10 ng mL-1), respectively. AOE was found to be not toxic to the cells as no inhibitory concentration (IC50) obtained. AOE (100-300 μg mL-1) protects cellular damage and prevent microsomal lipid peroxidation in H2O2-induced HUVEC indicated with low MDA levels. The AOE at similar concentrations also suppressed the production of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, MCP-1 and M-CSF in TNF-α-induced inflammation whereas NF-κB p65 translocation into nucleus was observed inactivated. These data suggested that AOE possessed antioxidative properties and attenuate the initial stage of atherogenesis in vitro. Inhibition of NF-κB activation could be the possible underlying mechanism in modulating early events of atherogenesis.
M. Kamal NH., A. Zulkhairi, A.H. Hafizah, F. Fazali, A.K. Khairul Kamilah, M.A. Rasadah, M.S. Zamree and M.A.M. Shahidan, 2009. Anacardium occidentale Aqueous Extract Attenuates Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Injury and Inhibits Inflammatory Mediators Expression in TNF-α-Induced Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells During Initial Stage of Atherogenesis. Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 4: 1230-1235.