Abstract: The miswak is a typical toothbrush made from the branches of the Salvadora persica (Salvadoraceae). In addition, to consolidation the gums, it inhibits tooth decay, eliminating toothaches and break further increase in decay that has already set in. It creates a scent in the mouth, eliminates bad odor, improves the sense of taste and causes the teeth to radiance and shine. The other portions of the tree have therapeutic values as corrective, deobstruent, liver tonic, diuretic, analgesic, anthelmintic, astringent, lithontriptic, carminative, diuretic, aphrodisiac and stomachic. The present review is therefore an effort to give detailed survey of the literature on phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of miswak. Genotoxicity of Salvadora persica was evaluated on mice bone marrow cells using cytogenetics and molecular biology markers. Micronuclei in Polychromatic Erythrocytes (PCEs), Chromosome Aberrations (CAs) in bone-marrow and types of damage in DNA with Comet assay were scored after treatment of mice with 0.325, 0.65 and 1.3 mg/kg BWT for 5 successive days. The results showed significant increase in numbers of micronuclei, types of chromosome aberration in bone-marrow cells in treated groups compared with control groups. In addition, significant differences in levels of damage in DNA of both liver and bone-marrow cells in treated groups compared with control groups. The study reveals that high doses of Salvadora persica induce features of genotoxicity in whit mice. The researchers recommend that extreme supervision must be applied upon uncontrolled using of Salvadora persica and the high doses must not be used except when highly needed.