References

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Alava, V.R., A. Kanazawa, S.I. Teshima and S. Koshio, 1993. Effect of dietary phospholipids and n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids on ovarian development of kuruma prawn. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 59: 345-351.
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Briggs, M.R.P., K. Jauncey and J.H. Brown, 1988. The cholesterol and lecithin requirements of juvenile prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) fed semi-purified diets. Aquaculture, 70: 121-129.
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Conklin, D.E., L. R. D'Abramo, C.E. Bordner and N.A. Baum, 1980. A successful purified diet for the culture of juvenile lobsters: The effect of lecithin. Aquaculture, 21: 243-249.
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De Silva, S.S., R.M. Gunasekera and K.F. Shim, 1991. Interactions of varying dietary protein and lipid levels in young red Tilapia: Evidence of protein sparing. Aquaculture, 95: 305-318.
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El Sayed, A.M., 1990. Long-term evaluation of cotton seed meal as a protein source for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linn). Aquaculture, 84: 315-320.
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Harada, K., 1987. Relationships between structure and feeding attraction activity of certain l-amino acids and lecithin in aquatic animals. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 53: 2243-2247.
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Hilton, J.W., K.E. Harrison and S.J. Slinger, 1984. A semi-purified test diet for Macrobrachium rosenbergii and the lack of need for supplemental lecithin. Aquaculture, 37: 209-215.
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Hung, S. and P. Lutes, 1988. A preliminary study on the non-essentiality of lecithin for hatchery-produced juvenile white sturgeon (Acipencer transmontanus). Aquaculture, 68: 353-360.
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Hung, S., 1989. Choline requirement of hatchery-produced juvenile white sturgeon (Acipencer transmontanus). Aquaculture, 78: 183-194.
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Hung, S.S.O., B.J. Moore, C.E. Bordner and F.S. Conte, 1987. Growth of juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) fed different purified diets. J. Nutr., 117: 328-334.
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Kanazawa, A., S. Teshima, S. Tokiwa, M. Endo and F.A.A. Razek, 1979. Effects of short-necked clam phospholipids on the growth of prawn. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish., 45: 961-965.
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Kean, J.C., J.D. Castell, A.G. Boghen, L.R.D. Abramo and D. Conklin, 1985. A reevaluation of the lecithin and cholesterol requirements of juvenile lobster (Homarus americanus) using crab protein-based diets. Aquaculture, 47: 143-149.
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Ketola, H.G., 1976. Choline metabolism and nutritional requirement of lake trout (Sulvelinus namaycush). J. Anim. Sci., 43: 474-477.
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Ketola, H.G., C.E. Smith and G.A. Kindschi, 1989. Influence of diet and oxidative rancidity on fry of Atlantic and coho salmon. Aquaculture, 79: 417-423.
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Koven, W.M., S. Kolkovski, A. Tandler, G.W. Kissil and D. Sklan, 1993. The effect of dietary lecithin and lipase, as a function of age, on n-9 fatty acid incorporation in the tissue lipids of Sparus aurata larvae. Fish Physiol. Biochem., 10: 357-364.
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Meyers, S., 1990. Aquaculture diets with lecithin. Feed International, June 17-20.

NRC, 1981. Nutrient Requirements of Coldwater Fishes. National Academy Press, Washington D.C., ISBN: 0-309-03187-7, pp: 49.

Poston, H.A., 1990. Effect of body size on growth, survival and chemical composition of Atlantic salmon fed soy lecithin and choline. Prog. Fish-Cult., 52: 226-230.
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Poston, H.A., 1990. Performance of rainbow trout fry fed supplemental soy lecithin and choline. Prog. Fish-Cult., 52: 218-225.
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Poston, H.A., 1991. Response of rainbow trout to soy lecithin, choline and autoclaved isolated soy protein. Prog. Fish-Cult., 53: 85-90.
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Shiau, S.Y. and P.S. Lo, 2000. Dietary choline requirements of juvenile hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus x O aureus. J. Nutr., 130: 100-103.
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Tung, P.H. and S.Y. Shiau, 1991. Effects of meal frequency on growth performance of hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus, fed different carbohydrate diets. Aquaculture, 92: 343-350.
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Vieira, I., J.E.P. Cyrino and L.E. Pezzato, 2001. Choline and betaine in purified diets for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Sci. Agric., 58: 675-680.
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Viola, S., Y. Ariali and G Zohar, 1988. Animal protein-free feeds for hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis aureus) in intensive culture. Aquaculture, 75: 115-125.
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