References

Baddeley, A.J., H.J.G. Gundersen and L.M.C. Orice, 1986. Estimation of surface area from vertical sections. J. Microscopy, 142: 259-276.
PubMed  |  

Bancroft, J.D. and M. Gamble, 2002. Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques. 5th Edn., Churchill Livingstone, London, UK, ISBN-13: 9780443064357, Pages: 796.

Bayer, R.C., C.B. Chawan, F.H. Bird and S.D. Musgrave, 1975. Characteristics of the absorptive surface of the small intestine of the chicken from 1 day to 14 weeks of age. Poult. Sci., 54: 155-169.
PubMed  |  

Bemrick, W.J. and R.F. Hammer, 1978. Scanning electro-microscopy of damage to the cecal mucosae of chickens infected with Eimeria tenella. Avian Dis., 22: 86-94.
Direct Link  |  

Chambers, J.P., 1990. Genetics of Growth and Meat Production in Chickens. In: Poultry Breeding and Genetics, Crawford, R.D. (Ed.). Elsevier Scientific Publishers, New York, USA., pp: 1123.

Dror, Y., I. Nir and Z. Nitsan, 1977. The relative growth of internal organs in light and heavy breeds. Br. Poult. Sci., 18: 493-496.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Gille, U., F.V. Salomon and J. Ronnert, 1999. Growth of the digestive organs in ducks with considerations on their growth in birds in general. Br. Poult. Sci., 40: 194-202.
PubMed  |  

Iji, P.A., A. Saki and D.R. Tivey, 2001. Body and intestinal growth of broiler chicks on a commercial starter diet. 1. Intestinal weight and mucosal development. Br. Poult. Sci., 42: 505-513.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Jackson, S. and J. Diamond, 1995. Metabolic and digestive responses to artificial selection in chickens. Evolution, 50: 1638-1650.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Levin, R.J. and M.A. Mitchell, 1984. Problems involved in correlating changes of functional diffusive and anatomical surface areas of the upper and lower chicken small intestine during fasting. Br. Poult. Sci., 25: 27-31.
PubMed  |  

Lidia, O., W. Rudiger, R. Oswald, H. Walter and W. Eckhard, 1998. Intestinal dimensions of mice divergently selected for body weight. Anat. Rec., 250: 292-299.
Direct Link  |  

Lilja, C., 1983. A comparative study of postnatal growth and organ development in some species of birds. Growth, 47: 317-339.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Maneewan, B. and K. Yamauchi, 2003. Effects of semi-purified pellet diet on the chicken intestinal villus histology. Poult. Sci., 40: 254-266.
Direct Link  |  

Mitchell, M.A. and M.W. Smith, 1990. Jejunal alanine uptake and structural adaptation in response to genetic selection for growth rate in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). J. Physiol., 424: 7-15.

Mitchell, M.A. and M.W. Smith, 1991. The effects of genetic selection for increased growth rate on mucosal and muscle weights in the different regions of the small intestine of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part A: Physiol., 99: 251-258.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Mitjans, M., G. Barniol and R. Ferrer, 1997. Mucosal surface area in chicken small intestine during development. Cell Tissue Res., 290: 71-78.
PubMed  |  

Nir, I., Z. Nitsan, Y. Dror and N. Shapira, 1978. Influence of overfeeding on growth, obesity and intestinal tract in young chicks of light and heavy breeds. Br. J. Nutr., 39: 27-35.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Nitsan, Z.G., B. Avraham, Z. Zoref and I. Nir, 1991. Organ growth and digestive enzymes levels to fifteen days of age in lines of chickens differing in body weight. Poult. Sci., 70: 2040-2048.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Samanya, M. and K.E. Yamauchi, 2001. Morphological changes of the intestinal villi in chickens fed the dietary charcoal powder including wood vinegar compounds. Poult. Sci., 38: 289-301.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Sell, J.L., C.R. Angel, F. Piquer, J. Mallarino and H.A. Al-Batshan, 1991. Developmental patterns of selected characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract of young turkeys. Poult. Sci., 70: 1200-1205.
PubMed  |  

Shamoto, K., K. Yamauchi and H. Kamisoyama, 1999. Morphological alterations of the duodenal villi in chicks refed rice bran or grower mash after fasting. Jap. Poult. Sci., 36: 38-46.
Direct Link  |  

Shires, A., J.R. Thompson, B.V. Turner, P.M. Kennedy and Y.K. Goh, 1987. Rate of passage of corn-canola meal and corn-soybean diets through the gastrointestinal tract of broiler and white leghorn chickens. Poult. Sci., 66: 289-298.
PubMed  |  

Siegel, P.B. and E.A. Dunnington, 1987. Selection for growth in chickens. World Poult. Sci., 1: 1-24.

Sklan, D., 2001. Development of the digestive tract of poultry. World's Poult. Sci. J., 57: 415-428.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Smith, M.W., M.A. Mitchell and M.A. Peacock, 1990. Effects of genetic selection on growth rate and intestinal structure in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A: Comp. Physiol. 97: 57-63.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Uni, Z., S. Ganot and D. Sklan, 1998. Posthatch development of mucosal function in the broiler small intestine. Poult. Sci., 77: 75-82.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Uni, Z., Y. Noy and D. Sklan, 1995. Posthatch changes in morphology and function of the small intestines in heavy- and light-strain chicks. Poult. Sci., 74: 1622-1629.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Watkings, E.J., P.J. Butler and B.P. Kenyon, 2004. Posthatch growth of the digestive system in wild and domesticated ducks. Br. Poult. Sci., 45: 331-341.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Wood-Gush, D.G., 1959. A history of the domestic chicken from antiquity to the 19th century. Poult. Sci., 38: 321-326.

Yamauchi, K. and P. Tarachai, 2000. Changes in intestinal villi, cell area and intracellular autophagic vacuoles related to intestinal function in chickens. Br. Poult. Sci., 41: 416-423.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Yamauchi, K., 2002. Review on chicken intestinal villus histological alterations related with intestinal function. Poult. Sci., 39: 229-242.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Yamauchi, K., H. Kamisoyama and Y. Isshiki, 1996. Effects of fasting and refeeding on structures of the intestinal villi and epithelial cells in white leghorn hens. Br. Poult. Sci., 37: 909-921.
Direct Link  |  

Yamauchi, K., S. Iida and Y. Isshiki, 1992. Post-hatching developmental changes in the ultra-structure of the duodenal absorptive epithelia cells in 1, 10 and 60 day-old chickens, with special reference to mitochondria. Br. Poult. Sci., 33: 486-487.

Yamauchi, K., Y. Isshiki, Z.X. Zhou and Y. Nagahiro, 1990. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations of bacteria adhering to ileal epithelial cells in growing broiler and White Leghorn chickens. Br. Poult. Sci., 31: 129-137.
Direct Link  |  

Yamauchi, K.E. and Y. Isshiki, 1991. Scanning electron microscopic observations on the intestinal villi in growing white leghorn and broiler chickens from 1 to 30 days of age. Br. Poult. Sci., 32: 67-78.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |