References

Amit, M., C. Shariki, V. Margulets and J. Itskovitz-Eldor, 2004. Culture of human embryonic stem cells. Biol. Reprod., 3: 837-845.

Bigdeli, N., M. Andersson, R. Strehl, K. Emanuelsson, E. Kilmare, J. Hyllner and A. Lindahl, 2008. Adaptation of human embryonic stem cells to feeder-free and matrix-free culture conditions directly on plastic surfaces. J. Biotechnol., 133: 146-153.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Bongso, A., C.Y. Fong, S.C. Ng and S. Ratnam, 1994. Fertilization and early embryology: Isolation and culture of inner cell mass cells from human blastocysts. Human Reprod., 11: 2110-2117.
Direct Link  |  

Cartwright, P., C. McLean, A. Sheppard, D. Rivett, K. Jones and S. Dalton, 2005. LIF/STAT3 controls ES cell self-renewal and pluripotency by a Myc-dependent mechanism. Development, 5: 885-896.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Cheng, L., H. Hammond, Z. Ye, X. Zhan and G. Dravid, 2003. Human adult marrow cells support prolonged expansion of human embryonic stem cells in culture. Stem. Cells, 2: 131-142.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Cherny, R.A. and J. Merei, 1994. Evidence for pluripotency of bovine primordial germ cell derived cell lines maintained in long term culture. J. Theriogenology, 41: 175-175.

Evans, M.J. and M.H. Kaufman, 1981. Establishment in culture of pluripotent cells from mouse embryos. Nature, 292: 154-156.
Direct Link  |  

Genbacev, O., A. Krtolica, T. Zdravkovic, E. Brunette and S. Powell et al., 2005. Serum-free derivation of human embryonic stem cell lines on human placental fibroblast feeders. Fertil Steril., 5: 1517-1529.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Graves, K.H. and R.W. Moreadith, 1993. Derivation and characterization of putative pluripotential embryonic stem cells from preimplantation rabbit embryos. Mol. Reprod. Dev., 4: 424-433.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Han, F., R. Ye, L.J. Bao, J.C. Zhang and H.X. Zhang, 2008. Serum- and feeder-free culture of mouse embryonic stem cells. Acta. Laboratorium Anim. Sci. Sinica, 4: 254-257.

Han, R., G.X. Chai and K.G. Shang, 1997. The effect of rat heart conditioned medium in forming mouse ES cell colonies. Acta. Sci. Nat. Univ. Pekinensis, 2: 185-188.
Direct Link  |  

He, L.J., J.F. Xi, Q. Zeng, B.W. Zhang, C. Yang, W. Yue and X.T. Pei, 2010. Establishment of feeder- independent culture systems for human embryonic stem cells. Lett. Biotechnol., 5: 660-665.

Heo, J.S., J.L. Yun and J.H. Ho, 2006. EGF stimulates proliferation of mouse embryonic stem cells: Involvement of Ca²⁺ influx and p44/42 MAPKs. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol., 290: 123-133.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Hovatta, O., M. Mikkola, K. Gertow, A.M. Stromberg and J. Inzunza et al., 2003. A culture system using human foreskin fibroblasts as feeder cells allows production of human embryonic stem cells. Human Reprod., 7: 1404-1409.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Hu, Z.X., L.O. Wu, C.L. Zheng, Y.P. Zhou, M. Luo and D.M. Liang, 2009. Establishment of feeder layer- and serum-free culture system of human embryonic stem cells. J. Clin. Rehab. Tissue Eng. Res., 45: 8889-8894.

Huang, B., W.G. Huang, N.Q. Zhong, Y.Q. Chen and X.G. Chen, 2000. A study on six kinds of cell culture system for mouse embryonic stem cells. Acta. Laboratorium Anim. Sci. Sinica, 1: 1-6.

Kang, H.B., J.S. Kim, H.J. Kwon, K.H. Nam, H.S. Youn, D.E. Sok and Y. Lee, 2005. Basic fibroblast growth factor activates ERK and induces c-fos in human embryonic stem cell line MizhES1. Stem. Cells Dev., 14: 395-401.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Kim, S.J., C.H. Song, H.J. Sung, Y.D. Yoo and D.H. Geum et al., 2007. Human placenta-derived feeders support prolonged undifferentiated propagation of a human embryonic stem cell line, SNUhES3: Comparison with human bone marrow-derived feeders. Stem. Cells Dev., 3: 421-428.
Direct Link  |  

Kim, S.J., S.H. Cheon, S.J. Yoo, J. Kwon and J.H. Park et al., 2005. RETRACTED: Contribution of the PI3K/Akt/PKB signal pathway to maintenance of self-renewal in human embryonic stem cells. FEBS Lett., 2: 534-540.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Koivisto, H., M. Hyvarinen, A.M. Stromberg, J. Inzunza and E. Matilainen et al., 2004. Cultures of human embryonic stem cells: serum replacement medium or serum-containing media and the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor. Reprod. Biomed. Online, 3: 330-337.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Krishnamoorthy, M., J. Heimburg-Molinaro, A.M. Bargo, R.J. Nash and R.J. Nash, 2009. Heparin binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor and PD169316 prevent apoptosis in mouse embryonic stem cells. J. Biochem., 2: 177-184.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Lee, J.B., J.E. Lee, J.H. Park, S.J. Kim, M.K. Kim, S.I. Roh and H.S. Yoon, 2005. Establishment and maintenance of human embryonic stem cell lines on human feeder cells derived from uterine endometrium under serum-free condition. Biol. Reprod., 1: 42-49.
Direct Link  |  

Lee, J.B., J.M. Song, J.E. Lee, J.H. Park and S.J. Kim et al., 2004. Available human feeder cells for the maintenance of human embryonic stem cells. Reproduction, 6: 727-735.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Martin, G.R., 1981. Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA., 78: 7634-7638.
Direct Link  |  

Martin, M.J., A. Muotri, F. Gaga and A. Varki, 2005. Human embryonic stem cells express an immunogenic nonhuman sialic acid. Nat. Med., 2: 228-232.
PubMed  |  

Meinecke-Tillmann, S. and B. Meinecke, 1996. Isolation of ES-like cell lines from ovine and caprine preimplantation embryos. J. Anim. Breed Genet., 113: 413-426.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Miyakzaki, T., S. Futaki, K. Hasegawa, M. Kawasaki and N. Sanzen et al., 2008. Recombinant human laminin isoforms can support the undifferentiated growth of human embryonic stem cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 375: 27-32.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Pease, S., P. Braghctta, D. Gearing, D. Grail and R.L. Williams, 1990. Isolation of embryonic stem (ES) cells in media supplemented with recombinant leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Dev. Biol., 141: 344-352.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Richards, M., C.Y. Fong, W.K. Chan, P.C. Wong and A. Bongso, 2002. Human feeders support prolonged undifferentiated growth of human inner cell masses and embryonic stem cells. Nat. Biotechnol., 9: 933-936.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Richards, M., S. Tan, C.Y. Fong, A. Biswas, W.K. Chan and A. Bongso, 2003. Comparative evaluation of various human feeders for prolonged undifferentiated growth of human embryonic stem cells. Stem. Cells, 5: 546-556.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Richards, S., D. Leavesley, G. Topping and Z. Upton, 2008. Development of defined media for the serum-free expansion of primary keratinocytes and human embryonic stem cells. Tissue Eng. Part C. Meth., 14: 221-232.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Rodin, S., A. Domogatskaya, S. Strom, E.M. Hansson and K.R. Chien et al., 2010. Long-term self-renewal of human pluripotent stem cells on human recombinant laminin-511. Nat. Biotechnol., 28: 611-615.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Shim, H., A. Gutierrez-Adan, L.R. Chen, R.H. BonDurant, E. Behboodi and G.B. Anderson, 1997. Isolation of pluripotent stem cells from cultured porcine primordial germ cell. Biol. Reprod., 57: 1089-1095.
PubMed  |  

Shirley, P. and R.L. Williams, 1990. Formation of germ line chimeras from embryonic stem cells maintained with recombinant leukemia inhibitory factor. Exp. Cell Res., 2: 209-211.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Singh, H., P. Mok, T. Balakrishnan, S.N.B. Rahmat and R. Zweigerdt, 2010. Up-scaling single cell-inoculated suspension culture of human embryonic stem cells. Stem. Cell Res., 3: 165-179.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Stojkovic, P., M. Lako, R. Stewart, S. Przyborski and L. Armstrong et al., 2005. An autogeneic feeder cell system that efficiently supports growth of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells. Stem. Cells, 3: 306-314.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Strelchenko, N. and H. Niemann, 1993. Effects of T3-cell line conditioned medium on the formation of embryonic stem cells in domestic animal. Theriogenology, 39: 319-319.
Direct Link  |  

Thomson, J.A., J. Itskovitz-Eldor, S.S. Shapiro, M.A. Waknitz, J.J. Swiergiel, V.S. Marshall and J.M. Jones, 1998. Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts. Sciences, 282: 1145-1147.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Thomson, J.A., J. Kalishman, T.G. Golos, M. Durning, C.P. Harris, R.A. Becker and J.P. Hearn, 1995. Isolation of a primate embryonic stem cell line. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 92: 7844-7848.
PubMed  |  

Xu, C., M.S. Inokuma, J. Denham, K. Golds, P. Kundu, J.D. Gold and M.K. Carpenter, 2001. Feeder-free growth of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells. Nat. Biotechnol., 19: 971-974.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Yang, Z. and J.N. Petitte, 1994. Use of avian cytokines in mammalian embryonic stem cell culture. Poult. Sci., 7: 965-974.
PubMed  |  

Ying, Q.L., J. Wray, J. Nichols, L. Batlle-Morera and B. Doble et al., 2008. The ground state of embryonic stem cell self-renewal. Nature, 453: 519-523.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Yoo, S.J., B.S. Yoon, J.M. Kim, J.M. Song, S. Roh, S. You and H.S. Yoon, 2005. Efficient culture system for human embryonic stem cells using autologous human embryonic stem cell-derived feeder cells. Exp. Mol. Med., 5: 399-407.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |