References

Albers, L.L., K.D. Sedler, E.J. Bedrick, D. Teaf and P. Peralta, 2006. Factors related to genital tract trauma in normal spontaneous vaginal births. Birth, 33: 94-100.
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Cunningham, F.G., J.W. Williams, K.J. Leveno, S. Bloom, J.C. Hauth and D.J. Rouse, 2009. Williams Obstetrics. 23rd Edn., McGraw-Hill Medical, New York, USA., ISBN-13: 9780071497015, Pages: 1385.

Hartmann, K., M. Viswanathan, R. Palmieri, G. Gartlehner, J. Thorp Jr. and K.N. Lohr, 2005. Outcomes of routine episiotomy: A systematic review. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 293: 2141-2148.
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Signorello, L.B., B.L. Harlow, A.K. Chekos and J.T. Repke, 2000. Midline episiotomy and anal incontinence: retrospective cohort study. Br. Med. J., 320: 86-90.
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Thacker, S.B. and H.D. Banta, 1983. Benefits and risks of episiotomy: An interpretative review of the English language literature, 1860-1980. Obstetrics Gynecol. Surv., 38: 322-338.
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Thilaganathan, B., A. Cutner, J. Latimer and R. Beard, 1993. Management of the third stage of labour in women at low risk of postpartum haemorrhage. Eur. J. Obstetrics Gynecol. Reprod. Biol., 48: 19-22.
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Weber, A.M. and L. Meyn, 2002. Episiotomy use in the United States, 1979-1997. Obstetrics Gynecol., 100: 1177-1182.
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