Abstract: This study was a part of qualitative research to study history of Lao Yuan textile, cultural and duty of Lao Yuan textile in present and changes cultural and duty of Lao Yuan Textile in New Economic Mechanism (NEM) era. The study result was found that Lao Yuan textile has arrived with Yuan ethnic when emigrated from Chiang Saen. Lao Yuan textile have 2 characteristics, clothes and implement during immigration, knowledge management and skill in Yuan female after settle down, they produced Lao Yuan textile for household use as traditional style and pass knowledge to next generation. At the present when considered in 4 cultural aspects, cultural life, cultural consciousness, cultural knowledge and cultural art, Lao Yuan textile was kept relationship with life style in every aspect, especially, in aspect of cloth of Yuan ethnic until the present with adaptation and changes in each era. In aspect of duty of Yuan textile, it has change duty of the past from emphasis on usage to commercial production, the textile pay a role on economic as created income product and create career to weaver which not only in Yuan ethnic. In aspect of Social, i.e., Self-presentation media to indicate and self-presentation of Yuan ethnic in aspect of costume to indicate character, life style, traditional, custom, belief, ethnic relation, Yuan ethnic historical story from the past. At the present time, cultural and duty of Yuan textile in Lao PDR was dramatical changed as result in Lao governmental policy in new economic mechanism as well as economic and social development in Lao PDR for prosperity, economic stability, livelihood development, communication and transportation development and education and new cultural learning in global trends, hence when time passed, Lao PDR society also was changed affected to Yuan ethnic society, therefore, the cultural and duty of Yuan textile in Lao PDR was dramatical changed slowly and continuously as resulted in nature of cultural changes which able to notice differences from the cultural and duty of Yuan textile and lifestyle significantly between past and nowadays. When considered changes factors in Yuan ethnic society as caused of changes of cultural and duty of Yuan textile in Lao PDR, the main reason occurred from internal factor of Yuan ethnic and external factor as reflection of society development and new economic mechanism in Lao PDR.