Abstract: Inability to manage the unintended consequences affects the success of developmental programmes and often leads to conflict. The need to document intended and unintended consequences to ensure effective management and avoid conflict afterwards necessitated this study. The study therefore determined the social impact of limestone exploitation in limestone belt of Ogun State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain information from 160 respondents on their views on the perceived social impact of limestone exploitation. Results indicate that respondents perceive that agriculture and agriculture related income generating activities will be affected by the exploitation, while more people are expected to work as factory workers, artisans, traders and hawkers. Infrastructure and employment are expected to achieve positive change while factors such as incidence of conflict, crime rate, traffic hazards and conservation of wildlife species are expected to be threatened. Efforts to avoid conflict and maintain security will thus make the gains of limestone exploitation in the area to be sustainable.