Abstract: This study examined Basic Education in Nigeria. The study adopted historical research method in which the investigator relied heavily on primary source of data gathering. In addition, both secondary source of data gathering and structured interviews were used. The study revealed that Basic Education brought about an increase in the pupils enrolment within the period of study. It also showed that the percentage of qualified teachers within the period of study increased. The pupil/teacher ratio in the country is still very high as against the National Policy on Education. The government budget on education is still very low as a result of which Basic Education in the country has not been fully implemented. The study also identified some of the problems facing the full implementation of basic education in Nigeria. Such problems include: Poor education statistics inadequate publicity, inadequate funding of education, religion particularly in the Northern part of the country. inadequate infrastructure. Finally, the study made some recommendations which include: Proper and effective monitoring of the Basic Education Programme ,qualified teachers should be employed and the harmonization of teachers salaries be implemented immediately, more schools and classrooms should be built to accommodate pupils and students, there must be increased publicity, statistics must be properly kept and politics must be separated from education.