Abstract: Agriculture has been the main source of the economy for all dynasties established in Egypt and the Mamluk kingdom was no exception. It is clear that agricultural yields during the period were extremely variable being very dependent on environment and surrounding. Thus, the aim of this short article is to analyse the natural disasters in Egypt during the Mamluk period (1468-1517) and how these situations affected agriculture at that time. Based on chroniclers’ reports, there were climatic and biological disasters which affected agriculture. This can be seen in a reduction of agricultural yields and a fluctuation of crop prices. These natural hazards, however did not lead to a total collapse of agriculture in Egypt. Rather, it caused disruption of agricultural activities, destruction of crops and economic loss.