Abstract: The function of the insects spermatheca is to store the spermatozoa from the time of copulation until the fertilization of the eggs. This organ consists of a sac, usually associated to glands. The ants Atta sexdens rubropilosa, Acromyrmex landolti, Acromyrmex balzani and Acromyrmex landolti balzani are species considered pests and cause serious economical damages to several crops. Queens` spermatheca of these four species were analyzed through techniques of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), histology and histochemistry. It was verified that these structures had the morphology of a sac consisting of two lobes, which fusing at the median region. In A. s. rubropilosa and A. l. balzani, groups of cells with secretory characteristics form the spermathecal gland, but were absent in A. landolti and A. balzani. In these latter species the secretory cells are arranged like a single epithelium forming an internal coat inside the spermatheca. The results obtained in the present work shows that the spermatheca of these species of ants have morphological differences. In this sense, the spermatheca of A. landolti presents an internal secretory epithelium of columnar morphology throughout its extension, thus suggesting that all the cells would produce the secretion. The spermatheca of the one A. balzani presented an internal secretory epithelium with columnar and cubical portions, where a greater secretion likely occurs at the columnar one. A. l. balzani presents internal secretory epithelium and external spermathecal gland connected by a duct, while A. s. rubropilosa presents only the spermathecal gland.