Abstract: Tropical peat swamp forests are unique ecosystems of Southeast Asia were playing important functional roles in regulating hydrology, biological resources and maintaining environmental stability. Thailand possesses approximately 55,500 ha but only 15% of peat swamp forests historical distribution remains intact. This study aims to assess the quantity of fisheries utilization and resource use within these forests, as a step towards the guideline establishing for their sustainable conservation. The results revealed that total population living around and within peat swamp forest approximates 370,000 of which not >1% engages in fishing. The main income, averaging 3,210 USD per household is derived from rubber, vegetables and orchards. A fishery is a supplementary occupation, involving catching fish mainly during the rainy season and aquaculture during the dry season. However, among extractable annual natural resource consumption, wild-caught fishing provides a significant contribution of about 3,880 ton with a value of 5.6 million USD. The most common edible fish species are snake-head, walking catfish, climbing perch, gourami and swamp eel. The main barriers to adoption of resource conservation measures are undocumented land tenure; poverty and unawareness generally lead to over-exploitation of resources. Encroachment, wildfire, development projects, destructive fishing, wildlife hunting and wood scavenging have accelerated the deterioration in their ecosystems. Sharing of environmental knowledge across communities and networks, improve local quality of life and strengthening law enforcement in resource conservation are critical required.