Abstract: In recognition of the importance of wildlife, Japan has made legislatives efforts aimed at the protection of wild species. Besides the provisions found in the Basic Environmental Law, the legal framework have resulted in the enactment of a number of laws especially designed toward wildlife protection. Although, no specific reference to the protection of wildlife, general provisions were set in the Basic Environmental Law which articulated general principles and responsibilities related to environment conservation. Legislations directly related to wildlife protection include the Wildlife Protection and Hunting Law, the Law for the Conservation of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, the Nature Conservation Law and the Natural Parks Law. The study assesses the above legislative efforts against the international accords in the area of wildlife protection. Special reference in this respect is given to the Convention on Wetlands of Special Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat (the Rasmar Convention) and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Bilateral agreements for the protection of the migratory birds and birds in danger of extinction as an important segment of wildlife that Japan signed with a number of countries are also referred to. These include agreements with the United States, Australia, China and the former Soviet Union. The study concluded that Japan’s legislative efforts provide good protection to wildlife; however it is in need of some improvement.