Authors : I. Ketut Gading, I. Wayan Widiana, I. Nyoman Jampel and Desak Putu Parmiti
Abstract: It is a descriptive and experimental research with the objectives of describing factors causing smokers to have smoking behaviors; describing the intensity of smoking behaviors among smokers and testing the effectiveness of the self-modification program in smoking reduction. The poplation was 94 smokers in Pupuan village,Tegallalang sub-district, Gianyar Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia. A simple random sampling was employed to test the effectiveness of the self-modification program in smoking reduction. An experimental design employed was the randomized pretest control group design where the subjects were randomly assigned into the experimental and the control groups. The data were collected through interviews and questionnaires method. The collected data were analyzed using a descriptive analysis technique and t-test. The results showed that smoking behavior was formed due to some desires to try as a result from the influences from the peer, parents and other smoking people. The behavior was persisting and growing since it was tolerated from the surrounding people such as wives and children; the intensity of smoking behavior among this research subject in general may included into moderate smokers where it consistedof 23.4% light, 63.8% moderate and 12.8% heavy smokers; the self-modification program was effective in reducing smoking behavior but it merely stopped the smoking behavior of 30% of the whole members of the experimental group, since some members of the experimental group did not do the self-modification pogram seriously.
I. Ketut Gading, I. Wayan Widiana, I. Nyoman Jampel and Desak Putu Parmiti, 2018. Effectiveness of Self-Modification Program in Smoking Reduction. The Social Sciences, 13: 63-69.