Abstract: Now a days, banks as the most important element of monetary market play crusial role in the economy of our contry. Among the items of balance sheet, the ratio of regulatory capital has been interested as a new key variable in the monetary transmission mechanism. In this study, changes in capital and deposits and its effect on the performance of banks have been examined. For this purpose, banks listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange within 2001-2014 have been examined and 19 banks were analyzed using data from the financial statements. The results showed a positive relationship between capital and deposits with Return on Assets (ROA) and Net Income (NI). But, there is no significant relationship between capital and deposits with Return On Equity (ROE).