Abstract: In Ethiopia, brucellosis is prevalent in traditional pastoral communities such as Borana and Hamer. The disease is common in particular among patients with a recurrent unresolved febrile illness but due to lack of awareness the disease is not diagnosed and treated. Risk factors for brucellosis in these communities are living in close proximity of livestock, milking livestock and consumption of raw milk and fresh cheese. Diagnosis will be improved by providing testing for brucellosis. Brucellosis should be included in disease education programs and control measures.