Abstract: Advances in probiotic research have finally confirmed the health benefits of some bacterial strains. Now, the knowledge of probiotics has entered a new and fascinating phase of research and progression in this field is likely to offer novel and useful means which put emphasis to understand the mechanisms through which the probiotics act. Understanding probiotic action may permit to utilize the right strain to protect, treat or prevent specific disorder. Several mechanisms have been proposed through which probiotics exert beneficial effects on the host. In the following review of literature, the recent knowledge regarding modes of action of probiotics is briefly discussed.