Abstract: Keratin Intermediate-Filament (KIF) proteins form the main structural elements of a wool fibre. In this study, PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing methods were used to detect polymorphisms of KIF-1 gene in 786 samples of 3 Xinjiang local goat breeds (Xinjiang, Nanjiang Cashmere and Bogeda Cashmere goat). The results showed that KIF-1-P3 locus has polymorphisms. The frequencies of genotype AA were 0.675, 0.577 and 0.766, genotype AB were 0.296, 0.400 and 0.234, genotype BB were 0.030, 0.023 and 0.000 for Xinjiang, Nanjiang Cashmere and Bogeda Cashmere goat breeds, respectively. The genotypic distributions were in disagreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in Nanjiang Cashmere goat breed. In addition, the mutation was detected at KIF-1-P3 locus by DNA sequencing method, a novel of SNP was revealed in exon 3 (Genebank M23912: c.3212 C>T) and it belongs to synonymous mutation. However, there is no significant difference in Xinjiang goat breed between polymorphisms of the KIF-1 gene and cashmere production traits (fineness, thickness, yield and body weight after combing). Moreover, analysis of variance indicated that various genotypes in the 3 Xinjiang goat breeds were highly significant (p<0.01).