Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of high-cholesterol diet on serum leptin levels and blood lipid in rabbits. About 20 rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: high-cholesterol group (n = 10) which was maintained on high-cholesterol diet for 12 weeks and control group (n = 10) which was fed with normal diet for 12 weeks. Blood lipid and leptin analyses were performed at 0, 6 and 12 weeks after the high-cholesterol diet. Compared with the control group, rabbits fed with high-cholesterol diets showed higher levels of serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and leptin.