Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of two protocols on fertility parameters of postpartum anestrus cows. Fifty postpartum anestrus cows were used as material of the study. In group 1 (n:25), postpartum anestrus cows received PRID on day 0 with ostradiol benzoate (10 mg, vaginal capsule) and PGF2α injection on day 8th and GnRH injection on the day 9th. The PRID was removed on day 9th and cows were inseminated after the detection of estrus. In group 2 (n:25), postpartum anestrus cows received GnRH on day 0, PGF2α on day 7th and GnRH on day 9th. Cows were inseminated after the detection of estrus. The 2.15±0.98 and 1.05±0.56 days were found between the end of the treatment and time of behavioral estrus in group 1 and 2, respectively. The percentages of estrus detection were 83.3% (20/24) in group 1 and 68% (17/25) in group 2 (p>0.05). The pregnancy rates after artificial insemination were 60% (12/20) and 47.05% (8/17) in group 1 and 2, respectively (p>0.05). There was not a statistical significant difference between estrus rates and pregnancy rates in group 1 and 2. As a result, the effects of two protocols in postpartum anestrus cows increased the reproductive performance; furthermore, it was effective in regulation of cycle and observation of estrus.