Abstract: Groundwater recharge into the water table aquifers in the semi arid region of Nigeria was estimated using soil moisture deficit method. Three sites representing the major geological basins of the area were used based on available data. The results show that the average annual value range from 169 mm for Maiduguri to 837 mm in Kano area. Recharge coefficient for the zone was found to range from 0.26-0.56. The month of August accounted for about 53% of the average annual estimate. Drought effect was evaluated by a comparison with the results obtained during the drought period of 1974-1983. It was found that about 69 mm (70%) of average annual potential natural groundwater recharge was lost as one of the adverse impacts of drought in the area. The study provides information that can be used for modeling and management of groundwater in the area.