Abstract: A problem of fundamental importance in retinal image analysis is the extraction of exudates and the detection of optic disk. Detection of the exudates is the fundamental requirement to diagnose the progress of diabetic retinopathy. The detection of optic disk is very essential to locate the various anatomical features in the retinal image. Screening to detect retinopathy disease can lead to successful treatments in preventing visual loss. This study discuss different methods involved in the detection of optic disk and exudates.