Abstract: Steam boiler is the heart of steam generation process in power plants, petroleum refineries and food industries. Boiler tubes suffer from serious problems of fouling and scale formation in addition to corrosion risk. Fouling and scale rises the temperatures of metal leading to overheating and internal stresses while corrosion compels to tubes replacement and boiler shut down for maintenance. Energy efficiency had become an urgent need in recent years because of marked increase in fuel cost and environmental issues. The current review highlights on the fouling and corrosion and recent technologies to overcome these problems in industrial boilers. The strategies for increasing energy efficiency in steam boilers are also included.