Abstract: Oxynemacheilus kaynaki (Goksu River, Firat drainage) and Oxynemacheilus anatolica (input of Karamanli Dam, Burdur) are distinguished from other members of Oxynemacheilus by number of branched of dorsal, anal and caudal fin rays, colour pattern, lateral line, sexual dimorphism, shape of processus dentiformes and some morphometric characteristics.