Abstract: Science is not a native of any society. Rather every society of the world has contributed in one way or the other to the development of science in the history of human civilization. At the rise of the Islamic Empire, the Muslims were at the forefront in all sciences and technology. This period produced more than 100 men of genius recognized as having significantly changed the course of scientific thought. Great advances were made by these early Muslim scientists in the fields of botany, astronomy, mathematics, physiology, chemistry, medicine, geography, physics and other branches of science. Within this understanding, is the study basically concerned with the literature on the history of science in the Islamic world during the medieval period. It rightly highlights the outstanding contributions of Muslim scientists. Among the best in the Islamic-Western tradition are Ibn-Rushd, Al-Khawarizmi, al-Razi, Ibn-Sina, Ibn Baytar, Jabir Ibn al-Hayyan, al-Masudi, al-Haytham, Umar Khayam, Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi and Ibn Nafis etc. It then concludes with the submission that the contemporary Muslim world should promote science education and research for the progress of their societies in the modern era.