Abstract: Mannose-Binding Lectin (MBL) is involved in first line defense by binding to pathogens through a pattern-recognition mode of detection and then initiating a range of host responses. In present study we analyzed MBL gene and promoter polymorphism in Azarian population and compare them with previous reports in other populations. Blood samples were obtained from 144 Azarian populations from Tabriz and surrounding areas from March 2004-July 2005. MBL genotypes were investigated by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Present study showed prevalence of Allele B and LXPA haplotype in Azarian population which can conclude to protection against intracellular pathogens such as leishmania or tuberculosis but in the contrary it can conclude to susceptibility to Extracellular pathogen and SLE and rheumatoid arthritis. Also, present finding showed genetic relation of Azarian population with other Eurasian population.