Abstract: The main goal of the present study, is to examine the women`s primary infertility rate of high natural background radiation among the residents of Ramsar, one of the inhabited areas with highest natural background radiation. This report summarizes the data obtained from 155 residents of high natural background radiation area (case group) and 800 residents from an ordinary radiation area (control group). Overall data showed rates of primary infertility in high and ordinary natural background radiation areas were 11 and 3%, respectively. There was significant difference in the rates of infertility in two groups. Results also showed statistically significant difference between level of education and employment status with primary infertility rate in two groups.