Abstract: The researching of genetic and pathogenic diversity of Xanthomonas albilineans (Xa) support directly the legal control and the genetic improvement of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). This researching was carried out with the objective to analyze genetic and pathogenic variability of the bacteria Xa from Mexico, applying isolated strain of syntomathic sugarcane from Veracruz (XaVer1 y XaVer2) and Chiapas (XaChis1 y XaChis2). The identification of Xa was carried out through PCR. The genetic variability was done using RFLP with the enzymes AluI, KpnI, Tsp5091, HpaII y HhaI. The pathogenic variability was determined in the variety Mex 64-1487 in the greenhouse using a complete randomized design with 5 replications. The plants were inoculated with 1 mL, of 1.2ױ08 CFU mL 1, 6 days old bacterial suspensions or distilled water. The sequence of PCR amplified segment DNA of XaVer2 had a homology of 98% with an isolation of Xa coming from Brazil (Access: AF209751). The genetic markers got with AluI, Tsp5091 and HpaII allowed to different the Veracruz and Chiapas states, both in origin and in variability. The more pathogenic strains were XaVer2 and XaChis1 (p 0.05), both of them coming from susceptible varieties.