Abstract: >Phonological awareness is as one of the phonological aspects of speech development. By this ability, the one have access to speech vowel in words, which their constituent vowels can be manipulated. As phonological awareness develops, the ability of discovering, comparing and judgment about units smaller than word (rhyme, syllable and phoneme), develops in child. This study’s aim is to compare phonological skills between preschool boys and boy students of 1st year of school of Ardabil city. Statistical population of this study consists of all preschool children and children of 1st year of school of Ardabil city (Iran) at 2008 ranging 6-7 years old. Sample consisted of 60 students; 30 preschool and 30 students of 1st year of school. To collect data following forms were used; phonological awareness form; syllable awareness form, rhyme awareness form and alliteration skill form. To analyze data, MANOVA method was used besides mean and standard deviation. Results showed that students of 1st year of school have more improved function in all aspects of phonological awareness skills, than preschool children.