Abstract: This study evaluated the effect of two endodontic biomaterials on Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β1 and Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP)-2 levels produced by cultured human osteosarcoma cell line (Saos-2) and the cytotoxicity of these materials. Mineral Ttrioxide Aggregates (MTA) and Calcium Enriched Mixture (CEM) were prepared and extracted by immersing in 1 mL complete medium (RPMI-1640/10%FBS) for 24 or 72 h. Exactly x0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 dilutions of each extract and control were added onto cultured Saos-2. Cell viability was determined using MTT assay and TGF-β1/BMP-2 secretion in the supernatant was measured by ELISA assay. After 24 h, all dilutions showed no cytotoxicity, however the 72 h extract showed cytotoxicity. The secreted BMP-2 concentration by both biomaterials at x0.5 dilutions were higher than the control (p<0.05). Researchers can conclude the cytokine inducing properties of MTA and CEM were comparable as well as their cytotoxicity. Moreover, their extracts could possibly induce BMP-2 secretion. This phenomenon might allow a partial reversal of the condition to pre-disease status one of the main goals in medicine.