Abstract: The shortage of bone marrow donors and the high risk of allogenic transplant rejection have prompted investigation into alternative therapeutic approaches for patients with aplastic anemia. Reconstitution of hematopoietic function using stem cells derived from cord blood is a promising alternative which however, the limited number of stem cells obtained restricts clinical application. In the earlier study, researchers demonstrated the epigenetic reprogramming of mouse skin fibroblasts into multipotent cells using a transient in vitro method. After transient reprogramming, cells expressed reprogramming factors (Oct-3/4, Nanog and Sox-2) and formed teratomas in nude mice. In this study, PBMCs from aplastic anemia patients were reprogrammed using the transient in vitro method. Reprogrammed cells (iMS cells) were capable of differentiating into hematopoietic cells; iMS cells transplanted into lethally irradiated mice differentiated into bone marrow and splenic cells. Results indicate that reprogrammed PBMCs are multipotent and can restore hematopoietic function.