Abstract: Recombinant erythropoietin in a dose 50 IU kg –1 under the condition of half-hour total ischemia of the retina followed by reperfusion showed a pronounced protective action, expressed in the prevention of reduction of the microcirculation, electroretinography amplitude and change of the morphometric values of layers thickness of the retina. The mechanisms of pharmacological preconditioning are important to cardioprotective effects that confirmed by reduction of its effects under the condition of KATP channels blockade with glibenclamidum.