Abstract: Peri-implantitis is a state defined as an inflammatory reaction around osseointegrated implants. Various treatment methods are suggested in the treatment of peri-implantitis and clinicians have to choose a method over a large number of treatment protocols. Lasers have shown promising therapeutic effect in treatment of peri-implantitis. The use of different lasers has also been proposed for the treatment of periodontal and peri-implant infections. Preliminary results from both basic studies and controlled clinical trials have pointed to a high potential of the Er:YAG laser. Irradiation with this specific wavelength seems to provide a bactericidal effect against periodontopathic bacteria, a reduction of lipopolysaccharides and a high ability of bacterial biofilm and calculus removal. Therefore, we aimed to review the current literature over the past 10 year for the use of lasers in treatment of peri-implantitis and evaluate, based on the currently available evidence, the use of an Er:YAG laser for treatment of periodontitis and peri-implantitis and to indicate its potential as a new treatment modality.