Abstract: The study is devoted to some issues of import substitution at the present stage including at the stage of the actions of the Russian sanctions. In connection with the tightening of economic sanctions by Western countries the Russian government was forced to resort to retaliation. In the current economic situation of the country’s food security is increasingly associated with import substitution. Solving the problem of import substitution is the task of a multi-faceted and multi-stage, being in direct proportion to the level of development of production in turn interconnected with the problem areas. The worsening economic problems in Russia requires the development of adequate, comprehensive and effective technology policy which provides a system of measures aimed at improving the efficiency and competitiveness of domestic products.