Abstract: Now a days citizen behaviors in the organizations of world have been declined, meanwhile counterproductive behaviors are increasing. Counterproductive behaviors include a wide range of behaviors such as flippancy, abuse and theft while counterproductive behaviors have been increasing in employees’ organizational life seriously. The aim of performing this research is to investigate the impact of organizational pessimism and organizational injustice on employees’ counterproductive behaviors in a public hospital. This is an applied research in respect of goal, and it is descriptive and analytical in respect of nature. To test research hypotheses, and to obtain the results, Lisrel 8.5 Software and conformity factor analysis model have been used. The results obtained from testing hypotheses of this research showed that employees’ organizational pessimism increase causes their counterproductive behaviors increase in a public hospital. Organizational injustice increase causes employees’ counterproductive behaviors increase. Organizational injustice increase also causes employees’ organizational pessimism increase in a public hospital. Employees’ organizational pessimism and organizational injustice cause employees’ counterproductive behaviors increase in public hospitals.