Abstract: The relevance of the researched problem is the need for a critical study of regional historiography for the purpose of identifying gaps in the study of the historical events of the twentieth century. This chronological period, for a number of reasons, even to this day is one of the most controversial in the history of science. The purpose of this research is to identify the basic themes of the history of Bugulma in the twentieth century in the regional historiography. The leading approaches to this problem are the comparative and problem-topical approach. The results of the study are to determine the main problems of the period under review in regional historiography for the display of contemporary tasks for their historical study. The article may be useful for historians, ethnographers, teachers, population of Bugulma, as well as for professionals engaged in the study of the history of the provincial cities.