Abstract: In this study, we analyze the constraints of hand tractor ownership and the profitability of small-scale farmers who use hand tractors in Jember Regency, Indonesia. Multistage purposive sampling was used to select 144 small-scale farmers from six districts in Jember Regency. The analysis of social characteristics shows that the main constraints impeding small-scale farmers from owning hand tractors are availability, skills, costs and land condition. The results of the profitability analysis show that small-scale farmers in the Jember Regency have lower labor costs of IDR 4,133,820/ha (USD 295), higher hand tractor costs of IDR 609,890/ha (USD 44) and higher income than the national standard of IDR 14,496,887/ha (USD 1,035). This indicates that hand tractor use results in an increase in the profitability of small-scale farmers by reducing production costs. The significant gross margin (83.7%) is evidence that small-scale farmers in the Jember Regency who use hand tractors for land preparation are more profitable than the national standard.