References

Allegranzi, B., S.B. Nejad, C. Combescure, W. Graafmans, H. Attar, L. Donaldson and D. Pittet, 2011. Burden of endemic health-care-associated infection in developing countries: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet, 377: 228-241.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Bartlett, J.G., 2007. Changing trends in bacterial infections: Staphylococcus aureus, bacterial pneumonia, Clostridium difficile. Top HIV Med., 15: 94-98.
PubMed  |  

Becker, J., E. Drucker, P. Enyong and P. Marx, 2002. Availability of injectable antibiotics in a town market in Southwest Cameroon. Lancet Infect Dis., 2: 325-326.
PubMed  |  

Collini, P.J., M. Bauer, E. Kuijper and D.H. Dockrell, 2012. Clostridium difficile infection in HIV-seropositive individuals and transplant recipients. J. Infect., 64: 131-147.
PubMed  |  

Germani, Y., P. Minssart, M. Vohito, S. Yassibanda and P. Glaziou et al., 1998. Etiologies of acute, persistent and dysenteric diarrheas in adults in Bangui, Central African Republic, in relation to human immunodeficiency virus serostatus. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 59: 1008-1014.
PubMed  |  

Kachrimanidou, M. and N. Malisiovas, 2011. Clostridium difficile infection: A comprehensive review. Crit. Rev. Microbiol., 37: 178-187.
PubMed  |  

Mwachari, C., B.I.F. Batchelor, J. Paul, P.G. Waiyaki and C.F. Gilks, 2011. Chronic diarrhoea among HIV-infected adult patients in Nairobi, Kenya. J. Infect., 37: 48-53.
PubMed  |  

Onwueme, K., Y. Fadairo, L. Idoko, J. Onuh and O. Alao et al., 2011. High prevalence of toxinogenic Clostridium difficile in Nigerian adult HIV patients. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 105: 667-669.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Ozaki, E., H. Kato, H. Kita, T. Karasawa and T. Maegawa et al., 2004. Clostridium difficile colonization in healthy adults: Transient colonization and correlation with enterococcal colonization. J. Med. Microbiol., 53: 167-172.
CrossRef  |  

Rajabally, N.M., M. Pentecost, G. Pretorius, A. Whitelaw, M. Mendelson and G. Watermeyer, 2013. The clostridium difficile problem: A South African tertiary institution's prospective perspective. S. Afr. Med. J., 103: 168-172.
PubMed  |  

Riggs, M.M., A.K. Sethi, T.F. Zabarsky, E.C. Eckstein, R.L. Jump and C.J. Donskey, 2007. Asymptomatic carriers are a potential source for transmission of epidemic and nonepidemic Clostridium difficile strains among long-term care facility residents. Clin. Infect. Dis., 45: 992-998.
CrossRef  |  

Samie, A., C.L. Obi, J. Franasiak, L. Archbald-Pannone, P.O. Bessong, C. Alcantara-Warren and R.L. Guerrant, 2008. PCR detection of Clostridium difficile Triose Phosphate Isomerase (TPI), toxin A (tcdA), toxin B (tcdB), binary toxin (cdtA, cdtB) and tcdC genes in Vhembe District, South Africa. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 78: 577-585.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |