References

Arret, B., D.P. Johnoson and A. Kirshaum, 1971. Outline of details of microbiological assay of antibiotics: Second revision. J. Pharmaceut. Sci., 60: 1689-1694.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Barkema, H.M., Y.H. Schukken, T.G.M. Lam, M.L. Beiboer, H. Wilmine, G. Benediktus and A. Brand, 1998. Incidence of clinical mastitis in dairy herds grouped in three categories by bulk milk somatic cell counts. J. Dairy Sci., 81: 411-419.
PubMed  |  

Bastianello, S.S. and M.R. Jonker, 1981. A report on the occurrence of septicemia caused by Pasteurella multocida type E in cattle from Southern Africa. J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc., 52: 99-104.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Bottner, A., P. Schmid and R. Humke, 1995. In vitro efficacy of cefquinome (INN) and other anti-infective drugs against bovine bacterial isolates from Belgium, France, Germany, The Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Zentralbl. Veterinarmed B., 42: 377-383.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Butler, D.G. and C.R. Clarke, 1994. Diarrhea and Dysentery in Calves. In: Escherichia coli in Domestic Animals and Human, Gyles, C.L. (Ed.). CAB International, Wallingford, UK., pp: 91-116.

Chin, N.X., J.W. Gu, W. Fang and H.C. Neu, 1992. In vitro activity of cefquinome, a new cephalosporin, compared with other cephalosporin antibiotics. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 15: 331-337.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Contrepois, M., H.C. Dubourguier, A.L. Parodi, J.P. Girardeau and J.L. Dllier, 1986. Septicaemic Escherichia coli and experimental infection of calves. Vet. Microbiol., 12: 109-118.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Deshpande, L., M.A. Pfaller and R.N. Jones, 2000. In vitro activity of ceftiofur tested against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae including extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing strains. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 15: 271-275.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Durckheimer, W., F. Adam, G. Fischer and R. Kirrstetter, 1988. Recent developments in the field of cephem antibiotics. Adv. Drug. Res., 17: 61-234.
Direct Link  |  

Ehinger, A.M., H. Schmidt and M. Kietzmann, 2006. Tissue distribution of cefquinome after intramammary and systemic administration in the isolated perfused bovine udder. Vet. J., 172: 147-153.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Gibbs, H.A., A. Bottner and F. Trenti, 1994. The use of cefquinome in the treatment of respiratory disease in cattle. Proceedings of the 18th World Buiatrics Congress, Aug. 29- Sept. 2, Bologna, Italy, pp: 535-538.

Haddad, N.S., W.M. Pedersoli, W.R. Ravis, M.H. Fazeli and R.L. Carson, 1985. Combined pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in pony mares after a single intravenous and intramuscular administration. Am. J. Vet. Rev., 46: 2004-2007.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Hancock, R.E.W. and F. Bellido, 1992. Factors involved in the enhanced efficacy against gram-negative bacteria of fourth-generation cephalosporins. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 29: 1-6.
Direct Link  |  

Holland, R.E., 1990. Some infectious causes of diarrhea in young farm animals. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 3: 345-375.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Ismail, M.M., 2005. Pharmacokinetics, urinary and mammary excretion of ceftriaxone in lactating goats. J. Vet. Med. Ser. A, 52: 354-358.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Kikuchi, N., C. Kagota, T. Nomura, T. Hiramune, T. Takahashi and R. Yanagawa, 1995. Plasmid profiles of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from bovine mastitis. Vet. Microbiol., 47: 9-15.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Limbert, M., D. Isert, N. Klesel, A. Markus, K. Seeger, G. Seibert and E. Schrinner, 1991. Antibacterial activities in vitro and in vivo and pharmacokinetics of cefquinome (HR 111V), a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemoiher., 35: 14-19.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Mevius, D.J. and E.G. Hartman, 2000. In vitro activity of 12 antibiotics used in veterinary medicine against Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida isolated from calves in Netherlands. Tijdschrifi Diergeneeskunde, 125: 147-152.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Murphy, S.P., M.E. Erwin and R.N. Jones, 1994. Cefquinome (HR IIIV), in vitro evaluation of a broad spectrum cephalosporin indicated for infection in animals. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect Dis., 20: 49-55.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Neu, H.C., 1983. Structure-activity relation of new beta-lactam compounds and in vivo activity against common bacteria. Rev. Infect. Dis., 5: 319-336.

Orden, J.A., S.Q. Ruiz, J.A. Garcia, S.D. Cid and F.R. Dela, 2000. In vitro susceptibility of Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrheic dairy calves to 15 antimicrobial agents. J. Vet. Med. B, 47: 329-335.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Orden, J.A., S.Q. Ruiz, J.A. Garcia, S.D. Cid and R. Fuente, 1999. In vitro activities of cephalosporins and quinolones against Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrheic dairy calves. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 43: 510-513.
Direct Link  |  

Preston, D.A., 1992. Overview of the development of a new class of β-lactam antibiotics: The carbacephems. Antimicrobic Newslett., 8: 58-63.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Qadri, S.M.H., Y. Ueno, H. Saldin, D.D. Tullo and G.C. Lee, 1993. Comparative antibacterial activity of the aminothiazolyl cephalosporin RU 29, 246. Chemotherapy, 39: 175-181.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

San-Martin, B.N., J. Bataglia, P. Hernandez, A. Quiroz and H. Canon, 1998. Absorption and excretion of cefquinome in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in freshwater at 10°C. Jzentralbl. Veterinarmed A., 45: 615-623.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Schimmel, D., W. Erler, K. Segeer, S. Schooling and R. Humke, 1990. In vitro and in vivo efficacy of cobactan on respiratory disease agents. Proceedings of the 11th Congress of the International Pig Veterinary Society (IPVS), July 1-5, Lausanne, Switzerland, pp: 101-101.

Schirmeister, J., H. Willmann and H. Kiefer, 1963. Endogenous creatinine in serum and urine. Klin Wochenschr., 41: 878-882.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Schmid, P. and V. Thomas, 2002. Cefquinome-eight years antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance in cattle. Proceeding of the XXII World Buiatrics Congress, Aug. 18-23, Hannover, Germany, pp: 456-764.

Sheldon, I.M., M. Bushnell, J. Montgomery and A.N. Rycroft, 2004. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of some antimicrobial drugs against bacteria causing uterine infections in cattle. Vet. Rec., 155: 383-387.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Shpigel, N.Y. and P. Schmid, 1997. Contribution to the treatment of acute bovine mastitis with cefquinome. Tierarztl Prax, 25: 200-206.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Shpigel, N.Y., D. Levin, M. Winkler, A. Saran, G. Ziv and A. Bottner, 1997. Efficacy of cefquinome for treatment of cows with mastitis experimentally induced using Escherichia coli. J. Dairy Sci., 80: 318-323.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Srivastava, A.K. and B. Johal, 1998. Pharmacokinetics, urinary excretion and dosage regimen of ceftriaxone in crossbred cow calves following single intramuscular administration. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 68: 1017-1019.
Direct Link  |  

Tegtmeier, C., A.I. Uttenthal, N.F. Triis, N.E. Jensen and H.E. Jensen, 1999. Pathological and microbiological studies on pneumonic lungs from Danish calves. Zentralbl. Veterinarmed B, 46: 693-700.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Tohamy, M.A., M. Ismail and A.M. El-Gendy, 2006. Comparative pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in ruminants. J. Egypt. Soc. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 4: 12-18.

Wilson, D.J., R.N. Gonzalez and H.H. Das, 1996. Bovine mastitis pathogens in New York and Pennsylvania: Prevalence and effects of somatic cell count and milk production. J. Dairy Res., 80: 2592-2598.

Wisselink, H.J., K.T. Veldman, C.V. Eede, S.A. Salmon and D.J. Mevius, 2006. Quantitative susceptibility of Streptococcus suis strains isolated from diseased pigs in seven European countries to antimicrobial agents licensed in veterinary medicine. Vet. Microbiol., 113: 73-82.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |