References

Adams, J. and M. Hillman, 2001. The risk compensation theory and bicycle helmets. Inj. Prev., 7: 89-91.
CrossRef  |  

Ahmed, Z.U., M. Ghingold and Z. Dahari, 2007. Malaysian shopping mall behavior: An exploratory study. Asia Pacific J. Marketing Logistics., 19: 331-348.
CrossRef  |  

Alt, A.K. and A.E. Mansor, 2006. Social capital and rural community development in Malaysia. Report of the APO Survey and Symposium on Redesigning Integrated Community Development 2003�2005. PSCCD, pp: 141-171 http://www.apo-tokyo.org/00e-books/AG-17_PotentialSocialCapital/AG-17_PotentialSocialCapital.pdf#page=144.

Andre, A., 1991. A temporal and spatial equilibrium analysis of commuter parking. J. Public Economics., 45: 301-335.
CrossRef  |  

Bachok, S., S.H. Anuar and N.Z. Harun, 2004. Light-rail transit stations and pedestrianisation: case studies of travel patterns and behaviours at tunku abdul rahman street and the central market, Kuala Lumpur. eedings of the Paper Presented Walk21-V Cities for People: The Fifth International Conference on Walking in the 21st Century, June 9-11, 2004, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp: 1-19.

Barter, P., J. Kenworthy and F. Laube, 2003. Lessons from Asia on Sustainable Urban Transport. In: Making Urban Transport Sustainable, Low, N.P. and B.J. Gleeson (Eds.). Palgrave-Macmillan, Basingstoke UK.

Barth, M. and M. Todd, 2002. Intelligent transportation system architecture for a multi-station shared vehicle system. Proceedings of the IEEE Paper read at Intelligent Transportation Systems, Oct. 01-03, Dearborn, MI., USA., pp: 240-245.

Beck, L.F., A.M. Dellinger and M.E. O`Neil, 2007. Motor vehicle crash injury rates by mode of travel, United States: Using exposure-based methods to quantify differences. Am. J. Epidemiol., 166: 212-218.
CrossRef  |  

Beelen, R., G. Hoek, P.A. Van Den Brandt, R.A. Goldbohm and P. Fischer et al., 2008. Long-term effects of traffic-related air pollution on mortality in a dutch cohort (NLCS-AIR study). Environ. Health Perspect., 116: 196-202.
CrossRef  |  

Beirao, G. and J.A.S. Cabral, 2007. Understanding attitudes towards public transport and private car: A qualitative study. Transport Policy, 14: 478-489.
CrossRef  |  

Bhat, C.R., 1998. Accommodating variations in responsiveness to level-of-service measures in travel mode choice modeling. Transport. Res. Part A: Policy Pract., 32: 495-507.
CrossRef  |  

Brunekreef, B. and S.T. Holgate, 2002. Air pollution and health. Lancet, 360: 1233-1242.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Bughrara, N.F.A., 2008. Evaluation of road pavement cracks in Malaysia. http://psasir.upm.edu.my/7874/.

Bunnell, T., P.A. Barter and S. Morshidi, 2002. Kuala Lumpur metropolitan area: A globalizing city-region. Cities, 19: 357-370.
CrossRef  |  

CPPS, 2008. Elections �08 daily policy factsheet #3 : urban transportation. Center for Public Policy Studies. http://cpps.org.my/resource_centre/Transportation.pdf.

Chinrungrueng, J., U. Sunantachaikul and S. Triamlumlerd, 2007. Smart parking: An application of optical wireless sensor network. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Applications and the Internet Workshops, January 15-19, 2007, Hiroshima, pp: 66-69.

Department of Statistics, 2010. Population. Department of Statistics, Malaysia 2010. http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=35&Itemid=53&lang=en.

Dissanayake, D. and T. Morikawa, 2002. Household travel behavior in developing countries: Nested logit model of vehicle ownership, mode choice, and trip chaining. Trans. Res. Board, 1805: 45-52.
CrossRef  |  

EPU., 2006. Ninth Malaysia plan 2006-2010. The Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister's Department, Putrajaya, Malaysia.

East Asia and Pacific Region, 2006. China: building institutions for sustainable Urban transport. Eastr Working Paper No.4. Transport Sector Unit, Infrastructure Department. East Asia and Pacific Region. January 2006. http://www.worldbank.org/transport/transportresults/regions/eap/china-bldg-inst.pdf.

Guan, Y.S., 2001. Creolized utopias: squatter colonies and the post-colonial city in Malaysia. SOJOURN. J. Social Issues Southeast Asia., 16: 102-124.
Direct Link  |  

Hill, D.M., 1965. A growth allocation model for the eoston region. J. Am. Plann. Assoc., 31: 111-120.
CrossRef  |  

Ho, C.S. and W.K. Fong, 2007. Planning for low carbon cities-the case of iskandar development region, Malaysia. Toward Establishing Sustainable Planning and Governance II, Sungkyunkwan University. Seoul, Korea: Sustainable Urban Development Institute. http://www.fab.utm.my/download/ConferenceSemiar/Sustainable-Planning.pdf.

Ho, C.S., 2008. Urban governance and rapid urbanization issues in Malaysia. J. Alam. Bina., 13: 1-24.
Direct Link  |  

Hsu, T.P., A.F.M Sadullah and N.X. Dao, 2003. A comparison study on motorcycle traffic development in some Asian countries�case of Taiwan, Malaysia and Vietnam. Final Report, The Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies (EASTS), International Cooperative Research Activity, http://www.easts.info/activities/icra/2001/ICRA-ComparisonStudyMotorcycleDevelopment.pdf.

Idris, M.Y.I., E.M. Tamil, N.M. Noor, Z. Razak and K.W. Fong, 2009. Parking guidance system utilizing wireless sensor network and ultrasonic sensor. Inform. Technol. J., 8: 138-146.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Iman, M. and A. Hamid, 2006. Applying Shared-Parking Turn-Time (SPaTT) model and geographic information system in the supply and demand analysis of parking space. Malaysian J. Real Estate., 1: 57-76.
Direct Link  |  

Kamba, A.N., R. Atiq, O.K. Rahmat and A. Ismail, 2007. Why do people use their cars: A case study in Malaysia. J. Soc. Sci., 3: 117-122.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Kampa, M. and E. Castanas, 2008. Human health effects of air pollution. Environ. Pollut., 151: 362-367.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Kari, F. and R. Rasiah, 2008. Automobile emissions and the environment: The Malaysian experience. Making Choices about Hydrogen. Transport issues for Developing Countries. http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-132167-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html.

Kulanthayan, S., R.S. Umar, H.A. Hariza, M.T. Nasir and S. Harwant, 2000. Compliance of proper safety helmet usage in motorcyclists. Med. J. Malaysia, 55: 40-44.
PubMed  |  

LLM, 2010. Highway authority act. Lembaga Lebuhraya Malaysia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Highway_Authority.

Langley, J. and R. Brenner, 2004. What is an injury. Inj. Prev., 10: 69-71.
CrossRef  |  

Law, T.H., L. Xu, R. Sohadi and R. Umar, 2003. Factors influencing red light runners among motorcyclists in Malaysia. J. Eastern Asia Soc. Transport. Stud., 5: 2518-2525.
Direct Link  |  

Litman, T., 2006. Parking management. Comprehensive Implementation Guide. In Planning, Victoria Transport Policy Institute.

Lynn, K.M. and G. Boyle, 2008. Making Choices about Hydrogen:Transport Issues for Developing Countries. UNU Press, New York, ISBN: 978-92-808-1155-1, pp: 336.

MAA, 2010. Summary of new passenger and commercial vehicles registered in Malaysia for the year 1980 to the June 2010. http://www.maa.org.my/info_summary.htm.

MIRSR, 2010. Fatalities by Mode of Transport. Malaysian Insitute of Road Safety Research, Malaysian.

Malaysia Road Safety Department, 2010. Road accident fact for 2000-2009. Malaysia Road Safety Department 2010. http://www.jkjr.gov.my/statistics.html.

Malaysian Highway Authority, 2010. List of highways 2010. http://www.llmnet.gov.my/serverpages/common/.

Moe, H., 2008. Road traffic injuries among patients who attended the accident and emergency unit of the University of Malaya medical centre of the University of Malaya medical centre, Kuala Lumpur. J. Univ. Malaya Med. Centre, 11: 22-26.

Morikawa, T., T. Yamamoto, D. Dissanayake, N. Sanko and S. Kurauchi et al., 2001. Travel Behavior Analysis and its Implication to Urban Transport Planning for Asian Cities: Case Studies of Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Manila and Nagoya. ICRA, Nagoya University, Japan.

Mustafa, M.N., 2005. Overview of current road safety situation in Malaysia. Highway Planning Unit, Road Safety Section, Ministry of Works. http://www.unescap.org/ttdw/roadsafety/Reports2006/Malaysia_RSpaper.pdf.

Nantulya, V.M. and M.R. Reich, 2002. The neglected epidemic: Road traffic injuries in developing countries. Br. Med. J., 324: 1139-1139.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Nurdden, A., R.A.O.K. Rahmat and A. Ismail, 2007. Effect of transportation policies on modal shift from private car to public transport in Malaysia. J. Applied Sci., 7: 1013-1018.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Nurdden, A., R.A.O.K. Rahmat and A. Ismail, 2008. Reasons why buses and trains are not being used more extensively as travel mode in Malaysia. Asian J. Sci. Res., 1: 65-71.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Nurdeen, A., R.A.O.K. Rahmat and A. Ismail, 2007. Modeling of transportation behavior for coercive measures for car driving in Kuala Lumpur. ARPN J. Eng. Applied Sci.., 2: 18-24.
Direct Link  |  

Ooi, S.S., S.V. Wong, R.S.R. Umar, A.A. Azhar and M. Ahmad, 2005. Cervical spine injuries sustained by motorcyclists in road crashes in Malaysia. Int. J. Crashworthines, 10: 295-303.
Direct Link  |  

Porter, B.E. and K.J. England, 2000. Predicting red-light running behavior: A traffic safety study in three urban settings. J. Safety Res., 31: 1-8.
CrossRef  |  

Porter, M.E. and K. Schwab, 2008. The global competitiveness report 2008-2009. Paper Read at World Economic Forum. http://www.cesoftco.net/2KMS/WorldCompetitivenessReport2008-2009.pdf.

Prabuwono, A.S. and A. Idris, 2008. A study of car park control system using optical character recognition. Proceedings of International Conference on Computer and Electrical Engineering, Dec. 20-22, IEEE Computer Society, Phuket, Thailand, pp: 866-870.

Purnomo, M.R.A., D.A. Wahab, A. Hassan and R.A. Rahmat, 2009. Development of a low cost smart traffic controller system. Eur. J. Sci. Res., 32: 490-499.
Direct Link  |  

Rahman, R.A., H.M. Hussaini, N.A. Rahman, S.R.A. Rahman, G.M. Nor, S.M. Ai Idrus and R. Ramli, 2007. Facial fractures in Kajang Hospital, Malaysia: a 5-year review. Eur. J. Trauma Emerg Surgery, 33: 90-95.
CrossRef  |  

Ramasamy, S.R., B.K. Guru, M. Nair and S. Vaithilingam, 2006. Development of E-money in Malaysia. Proceedings of the Paper Presented at the National Statistics Conference, Sept. 4-6, Putrajaya International Convention Centre, Putrajaya, pp: 1-12.

Replogle, M., 1991. Non-motorized vehicles in Asia: Lessons for sustainable transport planning and policy. Non-motorized Vehicles in Asian Cities, http://www.environmentaldefensefund.org/documents/2293_NonmotorizedVehiclesAsia.pdf.

Ryley, T., 2006. Use of non-motorised modes and life stage in Edinburgh. J. Transport Geography, 14: 367-375.
Direct Link  |  

Schwarcz, S., 2003. Public Transportation in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. MTRG, Malaysia.

Shi, A., 2003. The impact of population pressure on global carbon dioxide emissions, 1975-1996: evidence from pooled cross-country data. Ecol. Econ., 44: 29-42.
CrossRef  |  

Soderlund, N. and A.B. Zwi, 1995. Traffic-related mortality in industrialized and less developed countries. Bull. World Health Org., 73: 175-182.

Steg, L., 2005. Car use: lust and must. Instrumental, symbolic and affective motives for car use. Transp. Res. Part A: Policy Practice, 39: 147-162.
CrossRef  |  

Teodorovic, D. and P. Lucic, 2006. Intelligent parking systems. Eur. J. Operat. Res., 175: 1666-1681.
CrossRef  |  

Touchngo, 2010. What�s smartTAG. Touch�NGo 2010. http://www.touchngo.com.my/WhatSTAG.html.

Vianna, M.M.B., L.S. Portuga and R. Balassiano, 2004. Intelligent transportation systems and parking management: Implementation potential in a Brazilian city. Cities, 21: 137-148.
CrossRef  |  

Vien, L.L., M. Sadullah, M. Shafie and S. Azwina, 2006. Modelling motorcycle ownership in Malaysia: gase study of pulau pinang. http://eprints.usm.my/10482/1/Modelling_Motorcycle_Ownership_In_Malaysia.pdf.

Whitaker, J., 1980. Survey of Motorcycle Accidents. NTIS, Springfield, VA.

Wikipedia, 2010. Integrated Transport Information System. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., USA.

World Bank, 2008. World Development Indicators. The World Bank, Washington, DC USA.

World Resource Institute, 2007. Air pollution: Carbon monoxide emissions. http://earthtrends.wri.org/searchable_db/index.php?theme=3&variable_ID=814&action=select_countries.

Yen, P.T., R.S.Z.R. Umai, A.A. Aziz, H. Singh and S.A. Wahid et al., 1999. Fatal injuries in Malaysian motorcyclists. Int. Med. Res. J., 3: 115-119.

Zakaria, Z., Z.H. Hussin, M.F.A. Batau and Z. Zakaria, 2010. Service quality of Malaysian public transports: A case study in Malaysia. Cross-Cultural Commun., 6: 84-92.
Direct Link  |