References

Achenbach, T.M and C.T. Howell, 1993. Are American children's problems getting worse? A 13-year comparison. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 32: 1145-1154.
PubMed  |  

Adlaf, E.M, F.J. Ivis, R.G. Smart and G.W. Walsh, 1998. Enduring resurgence or statistical blip? Recent trends from the ontario student drug use survey. Can. J. Public Health, 87: 189-192.
PubMed  |  

Aquilino, W.S. and A.J. Supple, 2001. Long-term effects of parenting practices during adolescence on well-being out-comes in young adulthood. J. Family Issues, 22: 289-308.
CrossRef  |  

Brook, J.S. and W. Gordon, 2000. Longitudinally foretelling drug use in the late twenties: Adolescent personality and social environmental antecedent. J. Genet. Psychol., 161: 37-51.
PubMed  |  

Conway, K.P., J.D. Swendsen and K.R. Merikangas, 2003. Alcohol expectancies, alcohol consumption and problem drinking. The moderating role of family history. Addictive Behaviors, 28: 823-836.
CrossRef  |  

Dishion, T., D. Capaldi, K. Spracklen and F. Li, 1995. Peer ecology of male adolescent drug use. Develop. Psychopathol., 7: 803-824.
CrossRef  |  

Drug Agency Report, 2010. National Anti Drug Agency. Putrajaya: Malaysian Ministry of Home Affairs.

Eitle, D., 2005. The moderating effects of peer substance use on the family structure-adolescent substance use association: Quantity versus quality of parenting. J. Addictive Behaviors, 30: 963-980.
CrossRef  |  

Farrell, A.D. and K.S. White, 1998. Peer influences and drug use among urban adolescents: Family structure and parent-adolescent relationship as protective factors. J. Consulting Clin. Psychol., 66: 248-258.
PubMed  |  

Fauziah, I., Z. Arifin, W.S.W. Shahrazad, Z.M. Lukman, A.R.R. Murni, A.Z. Zainah and G.S. Fatihah, 2010. Measuring motivational readiness for change among drug addicts in Malaysia: A descriptive analysis. Social Sci. J., 5: 429-432.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Forehand, R., K. Miller, R. Dutra and M. Chance, 1997. Role of parenting in adolescent deviant behavior. Replication across and within two ethnic groups. J. Consulting Clin. Psychol., 65: 1036-1041.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Harakeh, Z., R.H. Scholte, H. De Vries and R.C. Engels, 2005. Parental rules and communication: Their association with adolescent smoking. Addiction, 100: 862-870.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Hawkins, J.D., R.F. Catalano and J.Y. Miller, 1992. Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: Implications for substance abuse prevention. Psychol. Bull., 112: 64-105.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Heath, A.C., K.K. Bucholz, P.A. Madden, S.H. Dinwiddie, W.S. Slutske and L.J. Bierut et al., 1997. Genetic and environmental contributions to alcohol dependence risk in a national twin sample: Consistency of findings in women and men. Psychol. Med., 27: 1381-1396.
Direct Link  |  

Hoffman, J.P. and R.A. Johnson, 1998. A national portrait of family structure and adolescent drug use. J. Age Family, 60: 392-407.
Direct Link  |  

Jessor, R. and S.L. Jessor, 1977. Problem behavior and psychosocial development: A longitudinal study of youth. San Diego, CA: Academic Press..

Krishna, K.U. and M.E. Jonathan, 2011. Social disadvantage as a risk for first pregnancy among adolescent females in the united states. J. Adolescent Health, 49: 538-541.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Lerner, R.M. and N.L. Galambos, 1998. Adolescent development: Challenges and opportunities for research, programs and policies. Annual. Rev. Psychol., 49: 413-446.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Mackay, R., 2003. Family resilience and good child outcomes: An overview of the research literature. Soc. Policy J. New Zealand, 20: 98-118.
Direct Link  |  

Minke, K.M. and K.J. Anderson, 2005. Family-school collaboration and positive behavior support. J. Positive Behav. Interventions, 7: 181-185.

Muuss, R., 1996. Theories of Adolescence. 6th Edn. McGraw Hill, New York..

Parke, M., 2003. Are married parents really better for children? What researchers say about the effects of family structure on child well-being. Center for Law and Social Policy. http://www.clasp.org/admin/site/publications_states/files/0086.pdf.

Piaw, C.Y., 2006. Research Methods and Statistics: Method of Education. McGraw Hill, Kuala Lumpur..

Stattin, H. and M. Kerr, 2000. Relationships and interactions parental monitoring: A reinterpretation. Child Dev., 71: 1072-1085.
Direct Link  |  

Stephen, J.B., P.H. John and Y. Xiaoyan, 2005. Parental and peer influences on the risk of adolescent drug use. J. Primary Prev., 26: 529-531.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Stephenson, A.L., C.S. Henry and L.C. Robinson, 1996. Family characteristics and adolescent substance use. Adolescence, 31: 59-77.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Svensson, R., 2000. Risk factors for different dimensions of adolescent drug use. J. Child Adolescent Subst. Abuse, 9: 67-90.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Turner, R.A., C.E. Irwin and S.G. Millstein, 1991. Family structure, family process and experimenting with substances during adolescence. J. Res. Adolescence, 1: 93-106.
Direct Link  |  

Wills, T.A., J.A.Resco, M.G. Ainette and D. Mendiza, 2004. Role of parents support and peer suport in adolescents substance use: A test of medicated effetc. Psychol. Addictive Behav., 18: 122-134.

Windle, M., 2000. Parental, sibling and peer influences on adolescent substance use and alcohol problems. Applied Dev. Sci., 4: 98-110.
Direct Link  |