References

Agca, Y., R.L. Monson, D.L. Northey, O.A. Mazni, D.M. Schaefer and J.J. Rutledge, 1998. Transfer of fresh and cryopreserved IVP bovine embryos: Normal calving, birth weight and gestation lengths. Theriogenology, 50: 147-162.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Bakir, G., A. Kaygisiz and H. Ulker, 2004. Estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters for birth weight in Holstein Friesian cattle. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 7: 1221-1224.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Behboodi, E., G.B. Anderson, R.H. Bondurant, S.L. Cargill, B.R. Kreuscher, J.F. Medrano and J.D. Murray, 1995. Birth of large calves that developed from in vitro-derived bovine embryos. Theriogenology, 44: 227-232.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Bennett, G.L. and K.E. Gregory, 1996. Genetic (Co) variance among birth weight, 200-day and post weaning gain in composites and parental breeds of beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci., 74: 2598-2611.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Berger, P.J., 1994. Genetic prediction for calving ease in the United States: Data, models and use by the dairy industry. J. Dairy Sci., 77: 1146-1153.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Bicalho, R.C., K.N. Galvao, S.H. Cheong, R.O. Gilbert, L.D. Warnick and C.L. Guard, 2007. Effect of stillbirths on dam survival and reproduction performance in Holstein dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 90: 2797-2803.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Burfening, P.J., D.D. Kress, R.L. Friedrich and D.D. Vaniman, 1978. Phenotypic and genetic relationship between calving ease, gestation length, birth weight and preweaning growth. J. Anim. Sci., 47: 595-600.
Direct Link  |  

Dawson, W.M., R.W. Phillips and W.H. Black, 1947. Birth weight as a criterion of selection in beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci., 6: 247-257.
Direct Link  |  

Eriksson, S., A. Nasholm, K. Johansson and J. Philipsson, 2004. Genetic parameters for calving difficulty, stillbirth and birth weight for Hereford and Charolais at first and later parities. J. Anim. Sci., 82: 375-383.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Gregory, K.E., L.V. Cundiff and R.M. Koch, 1995. Genetic and phenotypic (co) variances for growth and carcass traits of purebred and composite populations of beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci., 73: 1920-1926.
PubMed  |  

Hasler, J.F., W.B. Henderson, P.J. Hurtgen, Z.Q. Jin and A.D. McCauley et al., 1995. Production, freezing and transfer of bovine IVF embryos and subsequent calving results. Theriogenology, 43: 141-152.
CrossRef  |  

Jacobsen, H., M. Schmidt, P. Holm, P.T. Sangild, G. Vajta, T. Greve and H. Callesen, 2000. Body dimensions and birth and organ weights of calves derived from in vitro produced embryos cultured with or without serum and oviduct epithelium cells. Theriogenology, 53: 1761-1769.
CrossRef  |  

Jacobsen, H., P. Holm, M. Schmidt, G. Sangild, T. Greve and H. Callesen, 1999. In vitro embryo production versus artificial insemination: Delivery type, birth weight and blood chemistry of the newborn calf. Theriogenology, 51: 226-226.
CrossRef  |  

Johanson, J.M. and P.J. Berger, 2003. Birth weight as a predictor of calving ease and perinatal mortality in Holstein cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 86: 3745-3755.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Kocak, S., M. Tekerli, C. Ozbeyaz and B. Yuceer, 2007. Environmental and genetic effects on birth weight and survival rate in Holstein calves. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 31: 241-246.
Direct Link  |  

Lamb, R.C. and B.O. Barker, 1975. Genetic relationship between birth weight and adult weight in Holstein. J. Dairy Sci., 58: 724-728.
PubMed  |  

Legault, C.R. and R.W. Touchberry, 1962. Heritability of birth weight and its relationship with production in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 45: 1226-1233.
Direct Link  |  

Lombard, J.E., F.B. Garry, S.M. Tomlinson and L.P. Garber, 2006. Impact of dystocia on health and survival of dairy calves. J. Dairy Sci., 90: 1751-1760.
PubMed  |  

Lopez de Maturana, E., E. Ugarte and O. Gonzalez-Recio, 2007. Impact of calving ease on functional longevity and herd amortization costs in Basque Holsteins using survival analysis. J. Dairy Sci., 90: 4451-4457.
PubMed  |  

Luo, M.F., P.J. Boettcher, J.C.M. Dekkers and L.R. Schaeffer, 1999. Bayesian analysis for estimation of genetic parameters of calving ease and stillbirth for Canadian Holsteins. J. Dairy Sci., 82: 1848-1848.
Direct Link  |  

MacNeil, M.D., 2003. Genetic evaluation of an index of birth weight and yearling weight to improve efficiency of beef production. J. Anim. Sci., 81: 2425-2433.
PubMed  |  

Naazie, A., M.M. Makarechian and R.T. Berg, 1989. Factors influencing calving difficulty in beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci., 67: 3243-3249.
PubMed  |  

Naazie, A., M.M. Makarechian and R.T. Berg, 1991. Genetic, phenotypic and environmental parameter estimates of calving difficulty, weight and measures of pelvic size in beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci., 69: 4793-4800.
PubMed  |  

Numabe, T., T. Oikawa, T. Kikuchi and T. Horiuchi, 2000. Birth weight and birth rate of heavy calves conceived by transfer of in vitro or in vivo produced bovine embryos. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 64: 13-20.
PubMed  |  

Sieber, M., A.E. Freeman and D.H. Kelley, 1989. Effects of body measurements and weight on calf size and calving difficulty on Holstein. J. Dairy Sci., 72: 2402-2410.
PubMed  |  

Steinbock, L., A. Nasholm, B. Berglund, K. Johansson and J. Philipsson, 2003. Genetic effects on stillbirth and calving difficulty in Swedish Holsteins at first and second calving. J. Dairy Sci., 86: 2228-2235.
PubMed  |  

Takahashi, M., A. Ueki, K. Kawahata and T. Goto, 2001. Relationships between the width of metacarpus or metatarsus and the birth weight in Holstein calves. J. Reprod. Dev., 47: 105-108.
CrossRef  |  

Van Wagtendonk-de Leeuw, A.M., B.J.G. Aerts and J.H.G. den Daas, 1998. Abnormal offspring following in vitro production of bovine preimplantation embryos: A field study. Theriogenology, 49: 883-894.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |