References

Akhtar, M.S. and J. Iqbal, 1991. Evaluation of the hypoglycemic effect of achyranthes aspera in normal and alloxan diabetic rabbits. J. Ethnopharmacol., 31: 49-57.
Direct Link  |  

Athyros, V.G., D.P. Mikhailidis, T.P. Didangelos, O.l. Giouleme and E.N. Liberopoulos et al., 2006. Effect of multifactorial treat-ment on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in metabolic syndrome: A randomised study. Curr. Med. Res. Opin., 22: 873-883.
Direct Link  |  

Baynes, J.W., 1991. Role of oxidative stress in development of complications in diabetes. Diabetes, 40: 405-412.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Benelli, R., R. Vene, D. Bisacchi, S. Garbisa and A. Albini, 2002. Anti-invasive effects of green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a natural inhibitor of metallo and serine proteases. Biol. Chem., 383: 101-105.
PubMed  |  

Cameron, N.E., T.M. Gibson, M.R. Nangle and M.A. Cotter, 2005. Inhibitors of advanced glycation end product formation and neurovascular dysfunction in experimental diabetes. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1043: 784-792.
PubMed  |  

Claiborne, A., 1985. Catalase Activity. In: CRC Handbook of Methods for Oxygen Radical Research, Greenwald, R.A. (Ed.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp: 283-284.

Crespy, V. and G. Williamson, 2004. A review of the health effects of green tea catechins in in vivo animal models. J. Nutr., 134: 3431S-3440S.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Curcio, F., I. Pegoraro, P.D. Russo, E. Falleti, G. Perrella and A. Ceriollo, 1995. SOD and GSH inhibit the high glucose induced oxidative damage and the PGDF increased secretion in cultured human endothelial cells. Thromb. Haemost, 74: 969-973.
PubMed  |  

De Marco, R., F. Locatelli, G. Zoppini, G. Verlato, E. Bonora and M. Muggeo, 1999. Cause-specific mortality in type 2 diabetes. The verona diabetes study. Diabetes Care, 22: 756-761.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Drotman, R.B. and G.T. Lawhorn, 1978. Serum enzymes are indications of chemical induced Liver damage. Drug Chem. Toxicol., 1: 163-171.
PubMed  |  

Eddouks, M., M. Maghrani and J.B. Michel, 2005. Hypoglycaemic effect of Triticum repens P. Beauv. in normal and diabetic rats. J. Ethnopharmacol., 102: 228-232.
PubMed  |  

Esterbauer, H. and K.H. Cheeseman, 1990. Determination of aldehydic lipid peroxidation products: Malonaldehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal. Methods Enzymol., 186: 407-421.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Feillet-Coudray, C., E. Rock, C. Coudray, K. Grzelkowska, V. Azais-Braesco, D. Dardevet and A. Mazur, 1999. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in experimental diabetes. Clin. Chim. Acta, 284: 31-34.
PubMed  |  

Frei, B. and J.V. Higdon, 2003. Antioxidant activity of tea polyphenols In vivo: Evidence from animal studies. J. Nutr., 133: 327-328.
Direct Link  |  

Gohil, T., N. Pathak, N. Jivani, V. Devmurari and J. Patel, 2010. Treatment with extracts of Eugenia jambolana seed and Aegle marmelos leaf extracts prevents hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 4: 270-275.
Direct Link  |  

Griesmacher, A., M. Kindhauser, S.E. Andert, W. Schreiner and C. Toma et al., 1995. Enhanced serum levels of thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances in diabetes mellitus. Am. J. Med., 98: 469-475.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Gupta, R.K., A.N. Kesari, P.S. Murthy, R. Chandra, V. Tandon and G. Watal, 2005. Hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effect of ethanolic extract of leaves of Annona squamosa L. in experimental animals. J. Ethnopharmacol., 99: 75-81.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Halliwell, B. and J.M. Gutteridge, 1989. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK.

Hameed, A., M.S. Ahmad, R. Fazli, S. Aysha and A. Nasir et al., 2002. Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in and around Faisalabad, Pakistan. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 5: 878-880.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Hameed, A., S.A. Malik, F. Rabbi, A. Sharif and N. Ahmad et al., 2002. Diabetic complications: Influence of age, sex, family history, duration, glycemic control and obesity. J. Biol. Sci., 2: 710-714.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Harris, E.H., 2005. Elevated liver function tests in type 2 diabetes. Clin. Diabetes, 23: 115-119.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Hendriksen, P.H., P.L. Oey, G.H. Wieneke, B. Bravenboer and J.D. Banga, 1992. Subclinical diabetic neuropathy: Similarities between electrophysiological results of patients with type 1 (insulin-dependent) and type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia, 35: 690-695.
PubMed  |  

Jacqueline, M.S., L. Jongsoon and F.P. Paul, 1997. Tumor necrosis factor-α-induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes is accompanied by a loss of insulin receptor substrate-1 and GLUT4 expression without a loss of insulin receptor-mediated signal transduction. J. Biol. Chem., 272: 971-976.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Jamshidzadeh, A., M. Baghban, N. Azarpira, A.M. Bardbori and H. Niknahad, 2008. Effects of tomato extract on oxidative stress induced toxicity in different organs of rats. Food Chem. Toxicol., 46: 3612-3615.
CrossRef  |  ASCI  |  Direct Link  |  

Jandeleit-Dahm, K.A., M. Lassila and T.J. Allen, 2005. Advanced glycation end products in diabetes-associated atherosclerosis and renal disease: Interventional studies. Ann. N Y Acad. Sci., 1043: 759-766.
PubMed  |  

Jennings, P.B., S. Chirico, A.F. Jones, J. Lunec and A.H. Barnett, 1987. Vitamin C metabolites and microangiopathy in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res., 6: 151-154.
Direct Link  |  

Jin, X., R.H. Zheng and Y.M. Li, 2008. Green tea consumption and liver disease: A systematic review. Liver Int., 28: 990-996.
PubMed  |  

Kakkar, P., B. Das and P.N. Viswanathan, 1984. A modified spectrophotometric assay of superoxide dismutase. Indian J. Biochem. Biophys., 21: 130-132.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Kakkar, R., J. Kalra, S.V. Mantha and K. Prasad, 1995. Lipid peroxidation and activity of antioxidant enzymes in diabetic rats. Mol. Cell. Biochem., 151: 113-119.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Kakkar, R., S.V. Mantha, J. Radhi, K. Prasad and J. Kalra, 1998. Increased oxidative stress in rat liver and pancreas during progression of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Clin. Sci., 94: 623-632.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Kalia, K., S. Sharma and K. Mistry, 2004. Non-enzymatic glycosylation of immunoglobulins in diabetic nephropathy. Clin. Chem. Acta, 347: 169-176.
PubMed  |  

Karim, A., M.N. Sohail, S. Munir and S. Sattar, 2011. Pharmacology and phytochemistry of Pakistani herbs and herbal drugs used for treatment of diabetes. Int. J. Pharmacol., 7: 419-439.
CrossRef  |  

Kasahara, T. and T. Kato, 2003. A new redox-cofactor vitamin for mammals. Nature, 422: 832-832.
CrossRef  |  

Kaszkin, M., K.F. Beck, W. Eberhardt and J. Pfeilschifter, 2004. Unravelling green tea's mechanisms of action: More than meets the eye. Mol. Pharmacol., 65: 15-17.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Kaur, C.D. and S. Saraf, 2011. Photochemoprotective activity of alcoholic extract of Camellia sinensis. Int. J. Pharmacol., 7: 400-404.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Kilicalp, D., S. Dede, Y. Deger and L. Aslan, 2009. Effects of green tea on mineral levels of liver and testis of guinea pigs electromagnetic field emitted by Mobil phones. Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 4: 86-92.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Kind, P.R.N. and E.J. King, 1954. Estimation of plasma phosphatase by determination of hydrolysed phenol with amino-antipyrine. J. Clin. Pathol., 7: 322-326.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Kobayashi, Y., M. Suzuki, H. Satsu, S. Arai and Y. Hara et al., 2000. Green tea polyphenols inhibit the sodium-dependent glucose transporter of intestinal epithelial cells by a competitive mechanism. J. Agric. Food Chem., 48: 5618-5623.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Liu, H.R., X.Y. Tang, D.Z. Dai and Y. Dai, 2008. Ethanol extracts of Rehmannia complex (Di Huang) containing no Corni fructus improve early diabetic nephropathy by combining suppression on the ET-ROS axis with modulate hypoglycemic effect in rats. J. Ethnopharmacol., 118: 466-472.
PubMed  |  

Loew, D. and M. Kaszkin, 2002. Approaching the problem of bioequivalence of herbal medicinal products. Phytother. Res., 16: 705-711.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Lowry, O.H., N.J. Rosebrough, A.L. Farr and R.J. Randall, 1951. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem., 193: 265-275.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

MacRury, S.M., D. Gordon, R. Wilson, H. Bradley and C.G. Gemmell et al., 1993. A comparison of different methods of assessing free radical activity in type 2 diabetes and peripheral vascular disease. Diabetic Med., 10: 331-335.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Maity, S., J.R. Vedasiromoni and D.K. Ganguly, 1998. Role of glutathione in the antiulcer effect of hot water extract of black tea (Camellia sinensis). Jpn. J. Pharmacol., 78: 285-292.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Malloy, H.T. and K.A. Evelyn, 1937. The determination of bilirubin level with the photoelectric colorimeter. J. Biol. Chem., 119: 481-490.
Direct Link  |  

Marjani, A., 2010. Lipid peroxidation alterations in type 2 diabetic patients. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 13: 723-730.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Mazloom, Z., N. Hejazi, M.H. Dabbaghmanesh, H.R. Tabatabaei, A. Ahmadi and H. Ansar, 2011. Effect of vitamin C supplementation on postprandial oxidative stress and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 14: 900-904.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

McLennan, S.V., S. Heffernan, L. Wright, C. Rae, E. Fisher, D.K. Yue and J.R. Turtle, 1991. Changes in hepatic glutathione metabolism in diabetes. Diabetes, 40: 344-348.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Mehana, E.E., A.R.M.A. Meki and K.M. Fazili, 2012. Ameliorated effects of green tea extract on lead induced liver toxicity in rats. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol., 64: 291-295.
CrossRef  |  

Mullarkey, C.J., D. Edelstein and M. Brownlee, 1990. Free radical generation by early glycation products: A mechanism for accelerated atherogenesis in diabetes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 173: 932-939.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Muriel, P., T. Garciapina, V. Perez-Alvarez and M. Mourelle, 1992. Silymarin protects against paracetamol-induced lipid peroxidation and liver damage. J. Applied Toxicol., 12: 439-442.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Navaei-Nigjeh, M., M. Rahimifard, N. Pourkhalili, A. Nili-Ahmadabadi , M. Pakzad, M. Baeeri and M. Abdollahi, 2012. Multi-organ protective effects of cerium oxide nanoparticle/selenium in diabetic rats: evidence for more efficiency of nanocerium in comparison to metal form of cerium. Asian J. Animal Vet. Adv., 7: 605-612.
CrossRef  |  

Nishikimi, M., N.A. Rao and K. Yagi, 1972. The occurrence of superoxide anion in the reaction of reduced phenazine methosulfate and molecular oxygen. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 46: 849-854.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Niskanen, L.K., J.T. Salonen, K. Nyyssonen and M.I.J. Uisitupa, 1995. Plasma lipid peroxidation and hyperglycemia: A connection through hyperinsulinemia?. Diabet Med., 12: 802-808.
PubMed  |  

Rafiq, K., S.J. Sherajee, A. Nishiyama, M.A. Sufiun and M. Mostofa, 2009. Effects of indigenous medicinal plants of Bangladesh on blood glucose level and neuropathic pain in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 3: 636-642.
Direct Link  |  

Rajagopal, K. and K. Sasikala, 2008. Antidiabetic activity of hydro-ethanolic extracts of Nymphaea stellata flowers in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 2: 173-178.
Direct Link  |  

Ramesh, B. and K.V. Pugalendi, 2006. Impact of umbelliferone (7-hydroxycoumarin) on hepatic marker enzymes in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Ind. J. Pharmacol., 38: 209-210.
Direct Link  |  

Ramesh, B., P. Viswanathan and K.V. Pugalendi, 2007. Protective effect of umbelliferone on membranous fatty acid composition in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 566: 231-239.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Ranjini, K.S., A. Bhaskar, S. Vijayalingam and M. Vishwanathan, 1996. Antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in Type II diabetes mellitus with and without complications. Clin. Sci., 90: 255-260.

Reitman, S. and S. Frankel, 1957. A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases. Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 28: 56-63.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Ritz, E., C. Hasslacher and W. Tschope, 1990. Diabetic nephropathy--are there differences between type I and type II?. Miner. Electrolyte Metab., 16: 69-72.
PubMed  |  

Rotruck, J.T., A.L. Pope, H.E. Ganther, A.B. Swanson, D.G. Hafeman and W.G. Hoekstra, 1973. Selenium: Biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase. Science, 179: 588-590.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Ryu, O.H., J. Lee, K. Lee, H. Kim and J. Seo et al., 2006. Effects of green tea consumption on inflammation, insulin resistance and pulse wave velocity in type 2 diabetes patients. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract., 71: 356-358.
Direct Link  |  

Sabu, M.C., K. Smitha and R. Kuttan, 2002. Anti-diabetic activity of green tea polyphenols and their role in reducing oxidative stress in experimental diabetes. J. Ethnopharmacol., 83: 109-116.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Salah, N., N.J. Miller, G. Paganga, L. Tijburg, G.P. Bolwell and C. Riceevans, 1995. Polyphenolic flavanols as scavengers of aqueous phase radicals and as chain-breaking antioxidants. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 322: 339-346.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Saradha Devi, K.M., S. Annapoorani and K. Ashokkumar, 2011. Hepatic antioxidative potential of ethyl acetate fraction of Cynodon dactylon in Balb/c mice. J. Med. Plant Res., 5: 992-996.
Direct Link  |  

Sedlak, J. and R.H. Lindsay, 1968. Estimation of total, protein-bound, and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellman's reagent. Anal. Biochem., 25: 192-205.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Sohail, M.N., A. Karim, M. Sarwar and A.M. Alhasin, 2011. Onion (Allium cepa L.): An alternate medicine for Pakistani population. Int. J. Pharmacol., 7: 736-744.
CrossRef  |  

Strain, J.J., 1991. Disturbances of micronutriment and antioxidant status in diabetes. Proc. Nutr. Soc., 50: 591-604.
Direct Link  |  

Terao, J., M. Piskula and Q. Yao, 1994. Protective effect of epicatechin, epicatechin gallate and quercetin on lipid peroxidation in phospholipid bilayers. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 308: 278-284.
PubMed  |  

Thabrew, M.I., P.D.T.M. Joice and W. Rajatissa, 1987. A comparative study of the efficacy of Pavetta indica and Osbeckia octandra in the treatment of liver dysfunction. Planta Medica, 53: 239-241.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Tolman, K.G., V. Fonseca, A. Dalpiaz and M.H. Tan, 2007. Spectrum of liver disease in type 2 diabetes and management of patients with diabetes and liver disease. Diabetes care, 30: 734-743.
PubMed  |  

Tsuneki, H., M. Ishizuka, M. Terasawa, J.B. Wu, T. Sasaoka and I. Kimura, 2004. Effect of green tea on blood glucose levels and serum proteomic patterns in diabetic (db/db) mice and on glucose metabolism in healthy humans. Biol. Med. Chem. Pharmacol., 4: 18-18.
CrossRef  |  

Velazquez, E., P.H. Winocour, P. Kesteven, K.G. Alberti and M.F. Laker, 1991. Relation of lipid peroxides to macrovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. Diabet. Med., 8: 752-758.
CrossRef  |  

Vestra, M.D. and D. Fioretto, 2003. Diabetic nephropathy: Renal structural studies in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. Int. Congress Series, 1253: 163-169.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Wang, W. and M.T. Goodman, 1999. Antioxidant property of dietary phenolic agents in a human LDL-oxidation ex vivo model: Interaction of protein binding activity. Nutr. Res., 19: 191-202.
Direct Link  |  

Weisburger, J.H. and F.L. Chung, 2002. Mechanisms of chronic diseases causation by nutritional factors and tobacco products and their prevention by tea polyphenols. Food Chem. Toxicol., 40: 1145-1154.
PubMed  |  

Wilson, R.L., 1998. Free Radicals and Tissue Damage, Mechanistic Evidence from Radiation Studies. In: Biochemical Mechanisms of Liver Injury. Wilson, R.L. (Ed.)., Academic Press, New York, pp: 123-125.

Wu, L.Y., C.C. Juan, L.S. Hwang, Y.P. Hsu, P.H. Ho and L.T. Ho, 2004. Green tea supplementation ameliorates insulin resistance and increases glucose transporter IV content in a fructose-fed rat model. Eur. J. Nutr., 43: 116-124.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Wu, L.Y., C.C. Juan, L.T. Ho, Y.P. Hsu and L.S. Hwang, 2004. Effect of green tea supplementation on insulin sensitivity in Sprague-Dawley rats. J. Agric. Food. Chem., 52: 643-648.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Young, I.S., J.J. Torney and E.R. Trimble, 1992. The effect of ascorbate supplementation on oxidative stress in the streptozotocin diabetic rat. Free Rad. Biol. Med., 13: 41-46.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |