References

Ahmed, Z., K. Naeem and A. Hameed, 2007. Detection and seroprevalence of infectious bronchitis virus strains in commercial poultry in Pakistan. Poult. Sci., 86: 1329-1335.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Asasi, K., S.M. Seyfiabad and A. Nouri, 2003. Field study of infectious bronchitis virus in broiler using type-specific RT-PCR. Arch. Razi Instit., 55: 1-10.
Direct Link  |  

Barr, D.A., R.L. Reece, D. O'Rourke, C. Button and J.T. Faragher, 1988. Isolation of infectious bronchitis virus from a flock of racing pigeons. Aust. Vet. J., 65: 228-228.
CrossRef  |  

Boursnell, M.E., M.M. Binns, I.J. Foulds and T.D. Brown, 1985. Sequences of the nucleocapsid genes from two strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus. J. Gen. Virol., 66: 573-580.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Burleson, F.G., T.M. Chambers and D.L. Wiedbrank, 1997. Virology: A Laboratory Manual. Academic Press, Inc., USA.

Capua, I., Z. Minta, E. Karpinska, K. Mawditt, P. Britton, D. Cavanagh and R.E. Gough, 1999. Co-circulation of four types of infectious bronchitis virus (793/B, 624/I, B1648 and Massachusetts). Avian Pathol., 28: 587-592.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Cavanagh, D., 1981. Structural polypeptides of coronavirus IBV. J. Gen. Virol., 53: 93-103.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Cavanagh, D., 2005. Coronaviruses in poultry and other birds. Avian Pathol., 34: 439-448.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Cavanagh, D., J.P. Picault, R. Gough, M. Hess, K. Mawditt and P. Britton, 2005. Variation in the spike protein of the 793/B type of infectious bronchitis virus, in the field and during alternate passage in chickens and embryonated eggs. Avian Pathol., 34: 20-25.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Cavanagh, D., K. Mawditt, P. Britton and C.J. Naylor, 1999. Longitudinal field studies of infectious bronchitis virus and avian pneumovirus in broilers using type-specific polymerase chain reactions. Avian Pathol., 28: 593-605.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Chen, H.W., Y.P. Huang and C.H. Wang, 2010. Identification of intertypic recombinant infectious bronchitis viruses from slaughtered chickens1. Poult. Sci., 89: 439-446.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Cook, J.K., A.J. Brown and C.D. Bracewell, 1987. Comparison of the hemagglutination inhibition test and the serum neutralization test in tracheal organ cultures for typing infectious bronchitis virus strains. Avian Pathol., 16: 505-511.
CrossRef  |  

De Wit, J.J., 2000. Detection of infectious bronchitis virus. Avian Pathol., 29: 71-93.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Handberg, K.J., O.L. Nielsen, M.W. Pedersen and P.H. Jorgensen, 1999. Detection and strain differentiation of infectious bronchitis virus in tracheal tissues from experimentally infected chickens by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Avian Pathol., 28: 327-335.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Ignjatovic, J., S.I. Sapats and F. Ashton, 1997. A long‐term study of Australian infectious bronchitis viruses indicates a major antigenic change in recently isolated strains. Avian Pathol., 26: 535-552.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Krapez, U., B. Slavec, D. Barlic-Maganja and O.Z. Rojs, 2009. Molecular epidemiology of Slovene infectious bronchitis virus strains isolated between 1990 and 2005. Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Avian Corona- and Pneumoviruses and Complicating Pathogens, June 14-17, 2009, Rauischholzhausen, Germany, pp:13-26.

Liu, S., J. Chen, X. Kong, Y. Shao and Z. Han et al., 2005. Isolation of avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus from domestic peafowl (Pavo cristatus) and teal (Anas). J. Gen. Virol., 86: 719-725.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Liu, S.W., Q.X. Zhang, J.D. Chen, Z.X. Han and X. Liu et al., 2006. Genetic diversity of avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus strains isolated in China between 1995 and 2004. Arch. Virol., 151: 1133-1148.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Masuda, N., T. Ohnishi, S. Kawamoto, M. Monden and K. Okubo, 1999. Analysis of chemical modification of RNA from formalin fixed samples and optimization of molecular biology applications for such samples. Nucl. Acids Res., 27: 4436-4443.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Mondal, S.P. and C.J. Cardona, 2004. Comparison of four regions in the replicase gene of heterologous infectious bronchitis virus strains. Virology, 324: 238-248.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Moscoso, H., E.O. Raybon, S.G. Thayer and C.L. Hofacre, 2005. Molecular detection and serotyping of infectious bronchitis virus from FTA filter paper. Avian Dis., 49: 24-29.
PubMed  |  

Murphy, F.A., E.P.J. Gibbs, M.C. Horzinek and M.J. Studdert, 1999. Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses. In: Veterinary Virology, Murphy, F.A. (Ed.). 3rd Edn., Academic Press, New York, USA., pp: 413-416.

Ndunguru, J., N.J. Taylor, J. Yadav, H. Aly and J.P. Legg et al., 2005. Application of FTA technology for sampling, recovery and molecular characterization of viral pathogens and virus-derived transgenes from plant tissues. Virol. J., Vol. 2. 10.1186/1743-422X-2-45

Neldon-Ortiz, D.L. and M.A. Qureshi, 1991. Direct and microsomal activated aflatoxin B1 exposure and its effects on turkey peritoneal macrophage functions in vitro. Toxicol. Applied Pharmacol., 109: 432-442.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

OIE., 2008. Infectious bronchitis disease. In: OIE Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. pp: 443-455.

Park, J.Y., S.I. Pak, H.W. Sung, J.H. Kim, C.S. Song, C.W. Lee and H.M. Kwon, 2005. Variations in the nucleocapsid protein gene of infectious bronchitis viruses isolated in Korea. Virus Genes, 31: 153-162.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Perozo, F., P. Villegas, C. Estevez, I. Alvarado and L. Purvis, 2006. Use of FTA^® filter paper for the molecular detection of newcastle disease virus. Avian Pathol., 35: 93-98.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Purvis, L.B., P. Villegas and F. Perozo, 2006. Evaluation of FTA^® paper and phenol for storage, extraction and molecular characterization of infectious bursal virus. J. Virol. Methods, 138: 66-69.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Qureshi, M.A. and W.M. Hagler, 1992. Effect of fumonisin-B₁ exposure on chicken macrophage functions in vitro. Poult. Sci., 71: 104-112.
CrossRef  |  

Rogers, C.D. and L.A. Burgoyne, 2000. Reverse transcription of an RNA genome from databasing paper (FTA^®). Biotechnol. Applied Biochem., 31: 219-224.
PubMed  |  

Roussan, D.A., W.S. Totanji and G.Y. Khawaldeh, 2008. Molecular subtype of infectious bronchitis virus in broiler flocks in Jordan. Poult. Sci., 87: 661-664.
CrossRef  |  

Schalk, A.F. and M.C. Hawn, 1931. An apparently new respiratory disease of baby chicks. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 78: 413-422.

Sharawi, S.S.A. and K.H. Zidan, 2011. Detection of infectious bronchitis virus in chickens and other avian species using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Alexandria J. Vet. Sci., 33: 87-96.

Shieh, H.K., J.H. Shien, H.Y. Chou, Y. Shimizu, J.N. Chen and P.C. Chang, 2004. Complete nucleotide sequences of S1 and N genes of infectious bronchitis virus isolated in Japan and Taiwan. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 66: 555-558.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Shien, J.H., Y.S. Wang, C.H. Chen, H.K. Shieh, C.C. Hu and P.C. Chang, 2008. Identification of sequence changes in live attenuated goose parvovirus vaccine strains developed in Asia and Europe. Avian. Pathol., 37: 499-505.
PubMed  |  

Shoushtari, A.H., R. Toroghi, R. Momayez and S.A. Pourbakhsh, 2008. 793/B type, the predominant circulating type of avian infectious bronchitis viruses 1999-2004 in Iran: A retrospective study. Arch. Razi Inst., 63: 1-5.
Direct Link  |  

Smati, R., A. Silim, C. Guertin, M. Henrichon, M. Marandi, M. Arella and A. Merzouki, 2002. Molecular characterization of three new avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) strains isolated in Quebec. Virus Genes, 25: 85-93.
PubMed  |  

Sutou, S., S. Sato, T. Okabe, M. Nakai and N. Sasaki, 1988. Cloning and sequencing of genes encoding structural proteins of avian infectious bronchitis virus. Virology, 165: 589-595.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Zhang, Q., Z. Han, Y. Shao, J. Chen, J. Rong, S. Liu and X. Kong, 2005. Genetic variation of nucleocapsid genes of infectious bronchitis viruses isolated in China from 2000 to 2004. Virologica Sinica, 21: 575-580.
Direct Link  |  

Zhang, Y., H.N. Wang, T. Wang, W.Q. Fan and A.Y. Zhang et al., 2010. Complete genome sequence and recombination analysis of infectious bronchitis virus attenuated vaccine strain H120. Virus Gen., 41: 377-388.
CrossRef  |  

Zhu, J.G., H.D. Qian, Y.L. Zhang, X.G. Hua and Z.L. Wu, 2007. Analysis of similarity of the S1 gene in Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) isolates in Shanghai, China. Archivos Medicina Veterinaria, 39: 223-228.
Direct Link  |  

Zulperi, Z.M., A.R. Omar and S.S. Arshad, 2009. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of S1, S2, M and N genes of infectious bronchitis virus isolates from Malaysia. Virus Gen., 38: 383-391.
CrossRef  |