References

Abdelouahed, S., A. Ernst, J. Henk, I.V. Maznichenko and I. Mertig, 2010. Spin-split electronic states in graphene: Effects due to lattice deformation, Rashba effect and adatoms by first principles. Phys. Rev. B., 82: 1-9.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Acun, A., B. Poelsema, H.J. Zandvliet and V.R. Gastel, 2013. The instability of silicene on Ag(111). Appl. Phys. Lett., 103: 263119-1-263119-4.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Acun, A., L. Zhang, P. Bampoulis, M. Farmanbar and V.A. Houselt et al., 2015. Germanene: The germanium analogue of graphene. J. Phys. Condens. Matter., 27: 1-12.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Artacho, E., J.D. Gale, A. Garcia, J. Junquera and P. Ordejon et al., 2014. User’s guide: SIESTA-trunk-462. Master Thesis, Fundacion General Universidad Autonoma de Madri, Spain.

Aufray, B., A. Kara, S. Vizzini, H. Oughaddou and C. Leandri et al., 2010. Graphene-like silicon nanoribbons on Ag (110): A possible formation of silicene. Appl. Phys. Lett., 96: 183102-1-183102-3.
Direct Link  |  

Bampoulis, P., L. Zhang, A. Safaei, V.R.Gastel and B. Poelsema et al., 2014. Germanene termination of Ge₂Pt crystals on Ge(110). J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 26: 1-7.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Boettger, J.C. and S.B. Trickey, 2007. First-principles calculation of the spin-orbit splitting in graphene. Phys. Rev. B., 75: 121402-121402.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Bundy, F.P., 1964. Phase diagrams of silicon and germanium to 200 Kbar, 1000°C. J. Chem. Phys., 41: 3809-3814.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Bundy, F.P., 1989. Pressure-temperature phase diagram of elemental carbon. Phys. A. Stat. Mech. Appl., 156: 169-178.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Cahangirov, S., M. Topsakal, E. Akturk, H. Sahin and S. Ciraci, 2009. Two-and one-dimensional honeycomb structures of silicon and germanium. Phys. Rev. Lett., 102: 1-4.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Davila, M.E., L. Xian, S. Cahangirov, A. Rubio and L.G. Lay, 2014. Germanene: A novel two-dimensional germanium allotrope akin to graphene and silicene. New J. Phys., 16: 1-16.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Derivaz, M., D. Dentel, R. Stephan, M.C. Hanf and A. Mehdaoui et al., 2015. Continuous germanene layer on Al(111). Nano Lett., 15: 2510-2516.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Fasolino, A., J.H. Los and M.I. Katsnelson, 2007. Intrinsic ripples in graphene. Nat. Mater., 6: 858-861.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Ferrer, J., C. Lambert, V. Garcia-Suarez, S. Bailey and S. Hatef et al., 2014. GOLLUM Version 1.0. Lancaster University, Lancashire, England. http://www.physics.lancs.ac.uk/gollum/index.php/10-news/20-gollum-version-1-0-released

Fleurence, A., R. Friedlein, T. Ozaki, H. Kawai and Y. Wang et al., 2012. Experimental evidence for epitaxial silicene on diboride thin films. Phys. Rev. Lett., 108: 1-5.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Gmitra, M., S. Konschuh, C. Ertler, C. Ambrosch-Draxl and J. Fabian, 2009. Band-structure topologies of graphene: Spin-orbit coupling effects from first principles. Phys. Rev. B., 80: 1-4.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Guzman-Verri, G.G. and L.L.Y. Voon, 2007. Electronic structure of silicon-based nanostructures. Phys. Rev. B., 76: 1-12.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Han, W., R.K. Kawakami, M. Gmitra and J. Fabian, 2014. Graphene spintronics. Nat. Nanotechnol., 9: 794-807.
Direct Link  |  

John, R. and B. Merlin, 2016. Theoretical investigation of structural, electronic and mechanical properties of two dimensional C, Si, Ge, Sn. Crystal Structure Theory Appl., 5: 43-55.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Kane, C.L. and E.J. Mele, 2005. Quantum spin hall effect in graphene. Phys. Rev. Lett., 95: 1-4.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Kane, C.L. and E.J. Mele, 2005. Z₂ topological order and the quantum spin Hall effect. Phys. Rev. Lett., 95: 1-4.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Kara, A., H. Enriquez, A.P. Seitsonen, L.L.Y. Voon and S. Vizzini et al., 2012. A review on silicene-new candidate for electronics. Surf. Sci. Rep., 67: 1-18.
Direct Link  |  

Katsnelson, M.I. and A. Fasolino, 2012. Graphene as a prototype crystalline membrane. Acc. Chem. Res., 46: 97-105.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Katsnelson, M.I., 2012. Graphene: Carbon in Two Dimensions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK., ISBN:978-0-521-19540-9, Pages: 352.

Konschuh, S., M. Gmitra and J. Fabian, 2010. Tight-binding theory of the spin-orbit coupling in graphene. Phys. Rev. B., 82: 245412-1-245412-11.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Lay, L.G., D.P. Padova, A. Resta, T. Bruhn and P. Vogt, 2012. Epitaxial silicene: Can it be strongly strained?. J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys., 45: 1-5.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Lay, L.G., E. Salomon, D.P. Padova, J.M. Layet and T. Angot, 2014. The rise of elemental two-dimensional materials beyond graphene. Aust. J. Chem., 67: 1370-1372.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Li, L., S.Z. Lu, J. Pan, Z. Qin and Y.Q. Wang et al., 2014. Buckled germanene formation on Pt(111). Adv. Mater., 26: 4820-4824.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Lipkowitz, K.B., R. Later, R. Thomas and D.B. Boyd, 2009. Reviews in Computational Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA., Pages: 325.

Liu, C.C., W. Feng and Y. Yao, 2011. Quantum spin hall effect in silicene and two-dimensional germanium. Phys. Rev. Lett., 107: 076802-1-076802-4.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Mazhir, S.N., H.I. Abbood and H.A. Abdulridha, 2016. Electron transport in graphene-B/P compound heterojunction using LDA/SZ. Intl. J. Adv. Eng. Res. Sci., 3: 154-156.
Direct Link  |  

Mermin, N.D., 1968. Crystalline order in two dimensions. Phys. Rev., 176: 250-254.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Morozov, S.V., K.S. Novoselov, M.I. Katsnelson, F. Schedin and L.A. Ponomarenko et al., 2006. Strong suppression of weak localization in graphene. Phys. Rev. Lett., 97: 1-3.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Nelson, D.R. and L. Peliti, 1987. Fluctuations in membranes with crystalline and hexatic order. J. Phys., 48: 1085-1092.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Novoselov, K.S., A.K. Geim, S.V. Morozov, D. Jiang and Y. Zhang et al., 2004. Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science, 306: 666-669.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Padova, D.P., C. Quaresima, B. Olivieri, P. Perfetti and L.G. Lay, 2011. Sp²-like hybridization of silicon valence orbitals in silicene nanoribbons. Appl. Phys. Lett., 98: 1-3.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Padova, D.P., C. Quaresima, C. Ottaviani, P.M. Sheverdyaeva and P. Moras et al., 2010. Evidence of graphene-like electronic signature in silicene nanoribbons. Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 96,

Takeda, K. and K. Shiraishi, 1994. Theoretical possibility of stage corrugation in Si and Ge analogs of graphite. Phys. Rev. B., 50: 14916-14922.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Vogt, P., D.P. Padova, C. Quaresima, J. Avila and E. Frantzeskakis et al., 2012. Silicene: Compelling experimental evidence for grapheme like two-dimensional silicon. Phys. Rev. Lett., 108: 1-5.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Voon, L.L.Y. and G.G. Guzman-Verri, 2014. Is silicene the next graphene?. MRS. Bull., 39: 366-373.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Wang, J., S. Deng, Z. Liu and Z. Liu, 2015. The rare two-dimensional materials with Dirac cones. Nat. Sci. Rev., 2: 22-39.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Yamada-Takamura, Y. and R. Friedlein, 2014. Progress in the materials science of silicene. Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater., 15: 1-13.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Ye, X.S., Z.G. Shao, H. Zhao, L. Yang and C.L. Wang, 2014. Intrinsic carrier mobility of germanene is larger than graphenes: First-principle calculations. RSC. Adv., 4: 21216-21220.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Zhang, R.Q. and D.A. Sarkar, 2011. Theoretical studies on formation, property tuning and adsorption of graphene segments. Phys. Appl. Graphene Theory, 152: 3-28.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |