References

Akib, S., A. Jahangirzadeh and H. Basser, 2014. Local scour around complex pier groups and combined piles at semi-integral bridge. J. Hydrol. Hydromechanics, 62: 108-116.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Arneson, L.A., L.W. Zevenbergen, P.F. Lagasse and P.E. Clopper, 2012. Evaluating Scour at Bridges. 5th Edn., US Federal Highway Administration Department of Transportation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA., ISBN:9781508680758, Pages: 342.

Brunner, G.W., 2016. HEC-RAS, river analysis system. United States Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, D.C., USA. http://www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/hec-ras/documentation/HEC-RAS%205.0%20Reference%20Manual.pdf

Chase, K.J. and S.R. Holnbeck, 2004. Evaluation of Pier-Scour Equations for Coarse-Bed Streams. Vol. 4, US Department of the Interior, Reston, Virginia, USA.,.

Coleman, S.E., C.S. Lauchlan and B.W. Melville, 2003. Clear-water scour development at bridge abutments. J. Hydraulic Eng., 41: 521-531.
Direct Link  |  

Dey, S. and A.K. Barbhuiya, 2005. Time variation of scour at abutments. J. Hyd. Eng., 131: 11-23.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Elsaeed, G., H. Elsersawy, M. Ibraheem and F. Samir, 2015. Bridge pier scour evaluation in meandering channels. J. Intl. Assoc. Adv. Technol. Sci., 16: 1-12.
Direct Link  |  

Ghorbani, B., 2008. A field study of scour at bridge piers in flood plain rivers. Turk. J. Eng. Environ. Sci., 32: 189-199.
Direct Link  |  

Khwairakpam, P. and A. Mazumdar, 2009. Local scour around hydraulic structures. Intl. J. Recent Trends Eng., 1: 59-61.
Direct Link  |  

Kothyari, U.C. and A. Kumar, 2010. Temporal variation of scour around circular bridge piers. ISH. J. Hydraul. Eng., 16: 35-48.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Kothyari, U.C., 2007. Indian practice on estimation of scour around bridge piers-A comment. Sadhana, 32: 187-197.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Kothyari, U.C., K.G.R. Raju and R.J. Garde, 1992. Live-bed scour around cylindrical bridge piers. J. Hydraul. Res., 30: 701-715.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Kothyaria, U.C. and K.G. Ranga Raju, 2001. Scour around spur dikes and bridge abutments. J. Hydraulic Res., 39: 367-374.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Kumar, V., R. K.G. Ranga-Raju and N. Vittal, 1999. Reduction of local scour around bridge piers using slots and collars. J. Hydr. Eng. ASCE, 125: 1302-1305.
Direct Link  |  

Lagasse, P.F. and E.V. Richardson, 2001. ASCE compendium of stream stability and bridge scour papers. J. Hydr. Eng. ASCE, 127: 531-533.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Sheppard, D.M., M. Odeh and T. Glasser, 2004. Large scale clear-water local pier scour experiments. J. Hydraul. Eng., 130: 957-963.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Vittal, N., U.C. Kothyari and M. Haghighat, 1994. Clear-water scour around bridge pier group. J. Hydraul. Eng., 120: 1309-1318.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Zhang, G., S.A. Hsu, T. Guo, X. Zhao and A.D. Augustine et al., 2013. Evaluation of design methods to determine scour depths for bridge structures (No. FHWA/LA. 11/491). Master Thesis, US Federal Highway Administration, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.