References

Al-Matari, E.M., A.K. Al-Swidi, H.B. Faudziah and Y.A. Al-Matari, 2012. The impact of board characteristics on firm performance: Evidence from nonfinancial listed companies in kuwaiti stock exchange. Int. J. Accounting Financial Reporting, 2: 310-332.
CrossRef  |  

Al-Matari, Y.A., A.K. Al-Swidi and F.H. Bt Fadzil, 2012. Audit committee effectiveness and performance of Saudi Arabia listed companies. Wulfenia J., 19: 169-188.

Al-Matari, Y.A., A.K. Al-Swidi, F.H. Bt Fadzil and E.M. Al-Matari, 2012. Board of directors, audit committee characteristics and performance of Saudi Arabia listed companies. Int. Rev. Manage. Marketing, 2: 241-251.
Direct Link  |  

Al-Rimawi, L.M., 2001. Jordanian, Kuwaiti and Omani securities regulation: Can they be the subject matter of a viable comparative study with EU securities regulation? (Part Two). J. Financial Regul. Compliance, 9: 253-273.
CrossRef  |  

Berle, A.A. and G.C. Means, 1932. The Modern Corporation and Private Property. Macmillan, New York.

Brav, A., W. Jiang, F. Partnoy and R. Thomas, 2006. Hedge fund activism, corporate governance and firm performance. ECGI Working Paper Series in Finance Working Paper. pp: 1-54. http://leeds-faculty.colorado.edu/bhagat/hedgefundactivism-governance.pdf.

Brickley, J.A., J.L. Coles and R.L. Terry, 1994. Outside directors and the adoption of poison pills. J. Financial Econ., 35: 371-390.
CrossRef  |  

Cheng, S., 2003. Time to revamp insider boards. Nat. Real Estate Investor, 45: 72-72.

Claudiu, B. and M.B. Catalin, 2007. Corporate governance and firm performance. Marketing J., Unive. Craiova, Faculty Econ. Bus. Administration, 5: 125-131.

Cordeiro, J.J., R. Veliyath and J.B. Romal, 2007. Moderators of the relationship between director stock‐based compensation and firm performance. Corporate Governance: An Int. Rev., 15: 1384-1393.
CrossRef  |  

Cremers, K.J.M. and V.B. Nair, 2005. Governance mechanisms and equity prices. J. Finance, 60: 2859-2894.
CrossRef  |  

Dry, E.K., 2003. Corporate governance in the Sultanate of Oman. Richmond J. Global Law Bus., 3: 45-82.

Duke, J., K. Kankpang and G. Okonkwo, 2012. Corporate governance as a driver of organizational efficiency in courier service firms: Empirical findings from Nigeria. Interdisciplinary J. Res. Bus., 1: 26-38.
Direct Link  |  

Erhardt, N.L., J.D. Werbel and C.B. Shrader, 2003. Board of director diversity and firm financial performance. Corporate Governance: An Int. Rev., 11: 102-111.
CrossRef  |  

Fama, E.F. and M.C. Jensen, 1983. Agency problems and residual claims. J. Law Econ., 26: 327-349.
Direct Link  |  

Fama, E.F. and M.C. Jensen, 1983. Separation of ownership and control. J. Law Econ., 26: 301-325.
Direct Link  |  

Farrell, K.A. and P.L. Hersch, 2001. Additions to corporate boards: Does gender matter? SSRN, 28: 1-30.
CrossRef  |  

Garg, A.K., 2007. Influence of board size and independence on firm performance: A study of Indian companies. Vikalpa, 32: 39-61.
Direct Link  |  

Ghazali, N.A.M., 2010. Ownership structure, corporate governance and corporate performance in Malaysia. Int. J. Commerce Manage., 20: 109-119.
CrossRef  |  

Goodstein, J., K. Gautum and W. Boeker, 1994. The effects of board size and diversity on strategic change. Strategic Manage. J., 15: 241-250.
CrossRef  |  

Gujarati, D.N. and D.C. Porter, 2009. Basic Econometrics. 5th Edn., McGraw-Hill Irwin, New York, USA, ISBN: 9780071276252, Pages: 922.

Hair, J.F., R.E. Anderson, R.L. Tatham and W.C. Black, 2010. Multivariate Data Analysis. 2nd Edn., Prentice-Hall, New York.

Herly, M. and Sisnuhadi, 2011. Corporate governance and firm performance in Indonesia. Int. J. Governance, 1: 1-20.

Houle, C.O., 1990. Who should be on your board? Nonprofit World, 8: 33-35.

Hsu, W. and P. Petchsakulwong, 2010. The impact of corporate governance on the efficiency performance of the thai non-life insurance industry. Geneva Papers Risk Insurance Issues Pract., 35: S28-S49.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Ibrahim, Q., R. Rehman and A. Raoof, 2010.. Role of corporate governance in firm performance: A comparative study between Chemical and Pharmaceutical sectors of Pakistan. Int. Res. J. Finance Econ., 50: 7-16.

Imam, M.O. and M. Malik, 2007. Firm performance and corporate governance through ownership structure: Evidence from Bangladesh stock market. Int. Rev. Bus. Res. Pap., 3: 88-110.
Direct Link  |  

Jackling, B. and S. Johl, 2009. Board structure and firm performance: Evidence from India's top companies. Corporate Governance: Int. Rev., 17: 492-509.
CrossRef  |  

Jensen, M.C. and W.H. Meckling, 1976. Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. J. Financial Econ., 3: 305-360.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Jensen, M.C., 1993. The modern industrial revolution, exit and the failure of internal control systems. J. Finance, 48: 831-880.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Johnson, R.A., R.E. Hoskisson and M.A. Hitt, 1993. Board of director involvement in restructuring: The effects of board versus managerial controls and characteristics. Strategic Manage. J., 14: 33-50.
CrossRef  |  

Khan, K., A.R. Nemati and M. Iftikhar, 2011. Impact of corporate governance on firm performance evidence from the Tobacco industry of Pakistan. Int. Res. J. Finance Econ., 61: 7-14.

Khanchel, I., 2007. Corporate governance: Measurement and determinant analysis. Managerial Auditing J., 22: 740-760.
CrossRef  |  

Krishnan, H.A. and D. Park, 2005. A few good women-on top management teams. J. Bus. Res., 58: 1712-1720.
CrossRef  |  

Li, H. and A. Qi, 2008. Impact of corporate governance on voluntary disclosure in Chinese listed companies. Corporate Ownership Control, 5: 360-366.
Direct Link  |  

Magdi, I. and C. Nadereh, 2002. Corporate Governance Practice and Performance. Dave Publishers, New York.

Mallin, C., 2007. Corporate Governance. 2nd Edn., Oxford University Press, New York.

Mandaci, P. and G. Gumus, 2010. Ownership concentration, managerial ownership and firm performance: Evidence from Turkey. SEE J., 5: 57-66.
CrossRef  |  

Maury, B., 2006. Corporate performance, corporate governance and top executive turnover in Finland. Eur. Financial Manage., 12: 221-248.
CrossRef  |  

Miller, D.J., 1995. CEO salary increases may be rational after all: Referents and contracts in CEO pay. Acad. Manage. J., 38: 1361-1385.
CrossRef  |  

Miller, T. and M.D.C. Triana, 2009. Demographic diversity in the boardroom: Mediators of the board diversity-firm performance relationship. J. Manage. Stud., 46: 755-786.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Obiyo, O.C. and L.T. Lenee, 2011. Corporate governance and firm performance in Nigeria. IJEMR, 1: 1-12.

Park, Y.W. and H.H. Shin, 2004. Board composition and earnings management in Canada. J. Corporate Finance, 10: 431-457.
CrossRef  |  

Pearce, J.A. and S.A. Zahra, 1992. Board composition from a strategic contingency perspective. J. Manage. Stud., 29: 411-438.

Pfeffer, J. and G. Salancik, 1978. The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective. Harper and Row, New York.

Pfeffer, J., 1987. A Resource Dependence Perspective on Interorganizational Relations. In: Intercorporate Relations: The Structural Analysis of Business, Mizruchi, M.S. and M. Schwartz (Eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK., pp: 22-55.

Pissaris, S., W. Jeffus and K.C. Gleason, 2010. The joint impact of executive pay disparity and corporate governance on corporate performance. J. Managerial Issues, 22: 306-329.
Direct Link  |  

Ponnu, C.H. and S. Ramthandin, 2008. Governance and performance: Publicly listed companies in Malaysia. J. Bus. Syst. Governance Ethics, 3: 35-53.

Provan, K.G., 1980. Board power and organizational effectiveness among human service agencies. Acad. Manage. J., 23: 221-236.
CrossRef  |  

Rebeiz, K.S. and Z. Salameh, 2006. Relationship between governance structure and financial performance in construction. J. Manage. Eng., 22: 20-26.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Reinard, J.C., 2006. Communication Research Statistics. SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA., ISBN: 9780761929871, Pages: 583.

Rouf, M.A., 2011. The relationship between corporate governance and value of the firm in developing countries: Evidence from Bangladesh. Int. J. Applied Econ. Finance, 5: 237-244.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Schiehll, E. and F. Bellavance, 2009. Boards of directors, CEO ownership and the use of non‐financial performance measures in the CEO bonus plan. Corporate Governance: Int. Rev., 17: 90-106.
CrossRef  |  

Shao, G., 2010. The effects of board structure on media companies'performance: A stakeholder perspective. J. Med. Bus. Stud., 7: 1-16.
Direct Link  |  

Sherman, H., 2004. Corporate governance ratings. Corporate Governance: Int. Rev., 12: 5-7.
CrossRef  |  

Shleifer, A. and R.W. Vishny, 1997. A survey of corporate governance. J. Finance, 52: 737-783.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Shrader, C., V. Blackburn and P. Iles, 1997. Women in management and firm financial performance: An explanatory study. J. Managerial Issues, 9: 355-372.
Direct Link  |  

Smith, A., 1776. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth Of Nations. The Clarendon Press, Oxford.

Spiegel, M.R. and L.J. Stephens, 1996. Schaum's Outline of Theory and Problems of Statistics. McGraw Hill Professional, New York, ISBN: 9780070602816, Pages: 538.

Stanwick, P.A. and S. Stanwick, 2010. The relationship between corporate governance and financial performance: An empirical study of Canadian firms. Bus. Rev., 16: 35-42.

Tabachnick, B.G. and L.S. Fidell, 2007. Using Multivariate Statistics. Allyn and Bacon, Boston, MA.

Tricker, R.I., 1994. International Corporate Governance: Text Readings and Cases. Prentice Hall PTR, Singapore, ISBN: 9780134750545, Pages: 587.

Walsh, J.P. and J.K. Seward, 1990. On the efficiency of internal and external corporate control mechanisms. Acad. Manage. Rev., 15: 421-458.
CrossRef  |  

Walt, N. and C. Ingley, 2003. Board dynamics and the influence of professional background, gender and ethnic diversity of directors. Corporate Governance: Int. Rev., 11: 218-234.
CrossRef  |  

Watson, W.E., K. Kumar and L.K. Michaelsen, 1993. Cultural diversity's impact on interaction process and performance: Comparing homogeneous and diverse task groups. Acad. Manage. J., 36: 590-602.
CrossRef  |  

Wei, G., 2007. Ownership structure, corporate governance and company performance in China. Asia Pacific Bus Rev., 13: 519-545.
CrossRef  |  

Yatim, P., 2010. Board structures and the establishment of a risk management committee by Malaysian listed firms. J. Manage. Governance, 14: 17-36.
CrossRef  |  

Yermack, D., 1996. Higher market valuation of companies with a small board of directors. J. Financial Econ., 40: 185-211.
CrossRef  |  

Zahra, S.A. and I. Filatotchev, 2004. Governance of the entrepreneurial threshold firm: A knowledge‐based perspective. J. Manage. Stud., 41: 885-897.
CrossRef  |  

Zald, M.N., 1967. Urban differentiation, characteristics of boards of directors and organizational effectiveness. Am. J. Sociol., 73: 261-272.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |